Infrared Irradiation: Toward Green Chemistry, a Review

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive overview of where infrared irradiation has been employed, mainly as regards activating green mode for natural products extractions, as well as to favor a reaction, highlighting its actual importance. It is also underlined that infrared irradiation heating has been around for a long time; however, only in the last eighteen years have many of its advantages been applied to satisfy a wide range of chemical processes, natural products extractions, and for the promotion of many kinds of reactions. In addition, it is brought to light that near infrared irradiation is more efficient than middle and far infrared irradiations, being easily controllable and with the quality of a fast responding heat source. Thus, the main objective of this review is to offer infrared irradiation as an alternative clean energy source to activate reactions, in addition to favor the selective extraction of natural products, all of which is within the Green Chemistry protocol. Some recent results from our laboratory are also included.

Uncatalysed Production of Coumarin-3-carboxylic Acids: A Green Approach

“…Consequently, the best processes were developed employing EtOH as solvent, offering higher yields in comparison with solventless conditions. From these strategies, the MW and NIR irradiations are the best alternatives because they offer, in general, the same yields, but the microwaves' use in obtaining the title molecules is well known; however, NIR irradiation is offered as clean energy source to activate reactions, being easily controllable and with the quality of a fast responding heat source [33].…”

“…Microwave-assisted synthesis of the target compounds was performed using a CEM Focused Microwave6 Synthesis System. Near-infrared irradiation was generated using a commercial "Flavor-Wave5" (1300 W/110 V/120 V-60 Hz|220 V/240 V-60 Hz) device [33]. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis was performed using a Transonic 460/H Elma ultrasound bath (35 kHz).…”

“…Some of experiments were carried out in ethanol, a green solvent, according to the TRI-EPA [32]. It is also worth noting that a careful search of the literature revealed that this is the first report wherein near-infrared irradiation [33] and mechanical milling or tribochemistry [34] have been employed to carry out reaction successfully. In general, in this work an acute procedure for the green synthesis of various coumarin-3-carboxylic acids in moderate yields and in short reaction times is provided.…”

Infrared Irradiation, an Excellent, Alternative Green Energy Source

“…Since the born (early 1990s) of the paradigm of the green chemistry (GC), it has acquired its up-to-date position as a scientific discipline preventing pollution and consequently contributing to the sustainable development (SD) [1]. In this sense, it is important to keep in mind the request of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) performed by the establishment of the Decade to Educate in the Sustainability (DES), 2005-2014, satisfactorily evaluated in November 2014 at Aichi, Nagoya, Japan.…”

Biological activity of apricot byproducts polyphenols using solid-liquid and infrared-assisted technology

“…For this reason, the main focus nowadays is on the use of green solvent and environment-friendly technologies for extracting polyphenols such as high-voltage electrical discharges (HVED) (Rajha, Boussetta, Louka, Maroun, & Vorobiev, 2015b), pulsed electric fields (PEF) (Rajha, Boussetta, Louka, Maroun, & Vorobiev, 2015a), ultrasounds (US) (Galv an D'Alessandro, Dimitrov, Vauchel, & Nikov, 2014), microwaveassisted extractions (Michel, Destandau, & Elfakir, 2011), and infrared (IR) technique (Cai, Yu, Duan, & Li, 2011). The latter is composed of IR lamp with wavelength ranging between 0.76 and 1,000 lm (Escobedo, Miranda, & Martínez, 2016). This method is employed as a heat source because of its high ability of penetration.…”