“…To determine the LC order parameters, we evaluated the infrared linear dichroism of the LC cells with different RM concentrations within the alignment layer using FT-IR (Bruker, Hyperion 3000), as shown in figure 5. The order parameter of the LC was directly determined from the dichroic absorbance of the benzene ring's C=C stretching vibrational band at 1524 cm −1 , which is considered an indication of the orientation of the entire molecule [17]. The order parameter can be expressed by the following equation [18]: where R is the dichroic ratio, and A || and A ⊥ are the absorbance in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the rubbing angle, respectively.…”