Infrared long nanosecond laser pulse ablation of silicon: Integrated two-dimensional modeling and time-resolved experimental study

Tao, Shuxia; Zhou, Yun Shen; Wu, Benxin; Gao, Yibo

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.04.141

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…8.14): one is fast and simultaneous with the initial particle expulsion, the other is slow and corresponds to a successive plasma growth from the ablated crater into slowly forming vapor bubble [57]. The detected late plasma formation was explained by backward propagating of the initial hot vapor flow, de-accelerated and rebounded by the surrounding media [97,98]. Such process, occurring only in certain experimental conditions where the initially formed plasma detaches from the target, reheats locally the sample to very high temperatures (above 8,000 K) [98] and this might induce a new phase of the plasma growth.…”

Section: Direct Analysis Of Submerged Solid Samplesmentioning

confidence: 91%

LIBS Analysis of Liquids and of Materials Inside Liquids

Lazic

2014

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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Abbreviations and Symbols CILaser induced plasma formation on or inside liquids is characterized by large energy losses due to liquid evaporation. Ablation of a liquid surface is followed by hydro-dynamical instabilities and splashing. Plasma generation inside bulk liquids is affected by the light absorption and scattering, and it is accompanied by intense pressure waves and successive vapor cavitation. Efficient LIBS analyses in presence of liquids require different considerations; the examples are reported and discussed in following. IntroductionLaser induced plasma formation has the irradiance threshold dependent on the sample density, and generally it progressively reduces when passing from gases, to liquids and then to solids. Excluding the losses along the beam path, this means that less laser energy is required for ablation of dry or submerged solid materials than for ablation of a liquid or for generating breakdown inside liquids. Plasma formation in presence of liquids is not efficient because a great portion of the laser energy is expended for the liquid vaporization; this strongly reduces the energy available for the plasma excitation. It has been estimated that about 75 % of the input radiation is consumed for vaporization during laser induced breakdown (LIB) inside water [1]. Furthermore, both water and organic solutions contain hydrogen, which contributes to a rapid thermalization and cooling of the formed plasma. Once the plasma is created in liquids, the high density and nearly incompressible medium strongly confines the plume; the corresponding effects on the plasma evolution and LIBS signal are recently reviewed [2]. Laser ablation (LA) of liquids by short, intense pulses is a complex process where the liquid surface is no longer in equilibrium with the surrounding vapor; this results in a very high net mass flux from the sample surface to the surrounding [3 and references therein]. The high mass flux increases the pressure at the target surface and so raises the boiling temperature. Once the normal boiling is established, the presence of volumetric energy densities slightly higher than that equivalent to the saturation temperature causes the formation and growth of a vapor bubble. If the deposition rate of volumetric energy density by a laser pulse exceeds the energy consumed by vaporization, the liquid is driven to a metastable state until the spinoidal temperature is reached. At this temperature, the liquid undergoes so called ''spinoidal decomposition'' where the entire superheated liquid volume separates into saturated liquid and vapor, which are ejected into atmosphere. This process occurs normally during LIBS sampling of a liquid surface. In case of water ablation it has been estimated that less than 50 % of the deposited energy transforms into vapor while the remaining part is consumed for ejection of droplets [3]. The energy loss on droplet expulsion i.e. splashing further degrades the LIBS signal.LIBS measurements are often performed on water solutions or inside the same. Laser intera...

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Section: Direct Analysis Of Submerged Solid Samplesmentioning

confidence: 91%

LIBS Analysis of Liquids and of Materials Inside Liquids

Lazic

2014

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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“…The spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the temperature in the sidewall is obtained by solving the 2D axi-symmetric heat transfer equation in the sidewall [5,9,[15][16][17][18]. When the sidewall surface is melted and the surface temperature is sufficiently high, surface vaporization may become significant.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model calculation starts at t = 0. The evolution of the gaseous phase inside the microhole (including the aluminum plasma and the ambient argon) is simulated by solving the 2D axi-symmetric gas dynamic equations [5][6][7][8][9]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of picosecond laser-induced plasma amplification inside a microhole and an implied novel technology to drill microholes with varying diameters with depth

Dabir-Moghaddam

Tao²,

et al. 2016

Manufacturing Letters

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Microholes with varying diameters at different depths are very desirable in various important applications. However, it is very challenging to produce microholes with varying diameters when the variation is in a complicated way and/or when the hole diameter is very small. This paper presents physics-based modeling work on the interactions among a picosecond (ps) laser pulse, a pre-existing plasma plume inside a microhole, and the hole sidewall. The modeling work implies the potential feasibility of a novel dual-pulse laser ablation and plasma amplification (LAPA) process for drilling microholes with varying diameters at different depths.

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“…Many authors have studied laser ablation in relation to laser-induced plumes [1][2][3][4][5] or material ejection mechanisms [6][7][8][9]; whilst many of these have made significant advances to our understanding of laser material interactions, available literature has almost exclusively dealt with single-pulse studies, be it from a theoretical or experimental standpoint [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of plume dynamics during picosecond laser ablation of H13 steel using high-speed digital holography

et al. 2017

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Ablation of H13 tool steel using pulse packets with repetition rates of 400 and 1000 kHz and pulse energies of 75 and 44 lJ; respectively, is investigated. A drop in ablation efficiency (defined here as the depth per pulse or lm=lJ) is shown to occur when using pulse energies of E pulse [ 44 lJ, accompanied by a marked difference in crater morphology. A pulsed digital holographic system is applied to image the resulting plumes, showing a persistent plume in both cases. Holographic data are used to calculate the plume absorption and subsequently the fraction of pulse energy arriving at the surface after traversing the plume for different pulse arrival times. A significant proportion of the pulse energy is shown to be absorbed in the plume for E pulse [ 44 lJ for pulse arrival times corresponding to [ 1 MHz pulse repetition rate, shifting the interaction to a vapour-dominated ablation regime, an energetically costlier ablation mechanism.

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Infrared long nanosecond laser pulse ablation of silicon: Integrated two-dimensional modeling and time-resolved experimental study

Cited by 45 publications

References 29 publications

LIBS Analysis of Liquids and of Materials Inside Liquids

LIBS Analysis of Liquids and of Materials Inside Liquids

Modeling of picosecond laser-induced plasma amplification inside a microhole and an implied novel technology to drill microholes with varying diameters with depth

Investigation of plume dynamics during picosecond laser ablation of H13 steel using high-speed digital holography

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