Infrared measurements of soot formation in diesel sprays

Parker, Terry; Morency, Joseph R.; Foutter, R. R.; Rawlins, W. T.

doi:10.1016/s0010-2180(96)00091-0

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These results show the potential benefit of diesel oxygenates for particulate reduction from 1989 2-and 4-stroke engines. Fuel oxygenates effectively deliver oxygen to the pyrolysis zone of the burning diesel spray, where particulate is formed, resulting in reduced PM generation (25). Results recently reported for much newer engines as a part of the CRC VE-10 study indicate similar effects on PM and NO x, suggesting that these results apply at least qualitatively to all 1989 and newer engines (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of Several Oxygenates on Regulated Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

McCormick

Ross

Graboski

1997

Environ. Sci. Technol.

128

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Oxygenates produce a significant reduction in emissions of particulate matter (PM-10) from diesel engines but in most cases also cause the nitrogen oxide emissions to increase. In this work, several oxygenates having a wide range of properties were blended with no. 2 diesel at the 1 and 2 wt % oxygen level. Emissions were measured using the hot start portion of the U.S. Heavy-Duty Transient Test (40 CFR, Part 86, Subpart N) in both a 2-stroke and a 4-stroke engine. It was found that at this oxygen level PM reductions on the order of 10−15% were obtained regardless of oxygenate chemical structure. The oxygenates affected the integrated NO x emissions differently. Methyl esters of soybean oil increased NO x 2−3%, decanoic acid had no effect, and octanol may have slightly decreased NO x . Examination of real time NO x concentration data for octanol and soy esters indicates that both oxygenates increase NO x during portions of the cycle where the engine is generating high torque at low speed with little or no turbo boost. For octanol, there is a compensating reduction in NO x at high speed and load. Several hypotheses regarding the effect of oxygenates on diesel NO x emissions are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of Several Oxygenates on Regulated Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

McCormick

Ross

Graboski

1997

Environ. Sci. Technol.

128

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“…Typically, RCMs, shock tubes, and flow reactors are used for investigations of the chemical kinetics of hydrocarbon combustion, 5-10 however they could be applied to diesel spray combustion. He et al 6 are developing methods to examine processes relevant to internal combustion engines using a RCM, Parker et al 11 have used a shock tube to investigate soot formation from a combusting diesel spray, and Ragucci et al 12 have used a flow reactor to investigate the diesel spray structure.…”

Section: Motivation and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A constant volume diesel spray combustion facility and the corresponding experimental diagnostics

Labs

Filley

Jepsen

et al. 2005

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A facility was built to examine the diesel spray/combustion process. The facility centers around a constant volume vessel, which consists of a visible and infrared optically accessible cold-wall, heated-interior pressure vessel coupled to an injection system. The combustion vessel is capable of operation at 50 atm and 1000 K ͑before injection͒, was used to simulate preinjection diesel in-cylinder conditions, and was coupled to a repeatable ͑for each fuel type͒, single shot, high pressure, metering fuel injection system. A number of experimental diagnostics have been applied to the facility and will be briefly discussed and examples of typical results offered. These diagnostics include: extractive post-combustion gas concentration experiments, droplet sizing measurements, and emission/absorption temperature measurements. Results from this facility capture the critical aspects of diesel spray combustion but do not include the change in pressure associated with heat release in a small volume and volume expansion due to piston motion.

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“…Here we report the first spatiallyresolved small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) studies of soot formed during a relatively simple combustion process. Generally, in situ measurements have been performed with light in the ultraviolet, optical, or infrared spectral regions and include absorption [3], induced [4] and natural [5] incandescence, and wide-angle elastic scattering [6]. Scattering measurements provide information on the morphology of particles that are larger than 15 nm while absorption and incandescence measurements have been used to detect particles with mean radii between 1.8 and 10 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially resolved small-angle x-ray scattering studies of soot inception and growth

Hessler

Seifert

Winans

2002

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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Infrared measurements of soot formation in diesel sprays

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Several Oxygenates on Regulated Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

Effect of Several Oxygenates on Regulated Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

A constant volume diesel spray combustion facility and the corresponding experimental diagnostics

Spatially resolved small-angle x-ray scattering studies of soot inception and growth

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