Infrared methods

Russell, J. D.; Fraser, A. R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0727-3_2

Cited by 233 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The alteration assemblages in the Athabasca Basin are composed of clay minerals of mainly ≤2 m, an ideal size to ensure maximum absorption and minimum scattering by the samples (Russell & Fraser 1994). Previous investigators (Hoeve & Quirt 1984a, b, Percival et al 1993 have shown that clay minerals in the Athabasca Basin vary widely in crystallinity (e.g., kaolinite) and chemical composition (e.g., illite and sudoite).…”

Section: The Swir Spectra Of Artificial Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The availability of appropriate mineral standards of the same particle size and similar crystallinity and composition is of crucial importance to the application of infrared spectroscopic methods for quantitative analysis of mixtures (e.g., Sunshine & Pieters 1993, Russell & Fraser 1994. The alteration assemblages in the Athabasca Basin are composed of clay minerals of mainly ≤2 m, an ideal size to ensure maximum absorption and minimum scattering by the samples (Russell & Fraser 1994).…”

Section: The Swir Spectra Of Artificial Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Characterization and Quantitative Analysis of Clay Minerals in the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan: Application of Shortwave Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Zhang¹,

Wasyliuk²,

Pan³

2001

The Canadian Mineralogist

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The application of shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance spectroscopy to the characterization of clay minerals in the Athabasca Basin, in Saskatchewan, has been evaluated by detailed examination of 70 mineral separates (20 of kaolinite, 10 of dickite, 19 of illite, 16 of chlorites and 5 of magnesiofoitite). Clay minerals in the Athabasca Basin are widespread in the sandstones and are particularly abundant in alteration haloes associated with unconformity-type U deposits. SEM, TEM, XRD, EMPA, EPR and SWIR analyses confirm that dickite is a major clay mineral in the sandstones. Kaolinite from different geological settings has distinct values of crystallinity (i.e., Hinckley index in the range 0.84 to 1.61 in alteration haloes, 0.45 to 0.7 in the bleached zones of the paleoregolith, and 0.12 to 0.31 in late fractures and cavities). The SWIR reflectance spectroscopy is capable of quantitatively estimating the crystallinity of kaolinite by using a "14SP Index". Attempts to use SWIR reflectance spectroscopy for structural and compositional analysis of Athabasca illite and sudoite were complicated by the common occurrence of impurities in these minerals. Binary and ternary mixtures using well-characterized mineral standards reveal that SWIR reflectance spectroscopy is capable of identifying clay minerals at abundances as low as 1 wt%. Also, numerical relationships between spectral features and the abundances of clay minerals have been established from the muscovite -kaolinite, muscovite -dickite and muscovite -sudoite mixtures, and have been used to improve an empirical SWIR method for quantitative analysis of clay minerals in the Athabasca Basin. The estimated precision and accuracy of the improved empirical method are between 5 to 10%, comparable to those of conventional XRD methods. The detection limits of the SWIR method for samples containing multiple species of clay minerals are approximately 5 wt.% in relative abundance.Keywords: shortwave infrared reflectance spectroscopy, clay minerals, alteration assemblages, uranium deposits, Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan. SOMMAIRENous avons évalué l'applicabilité de la spectroscopie par réflectance dans l'infra-rouge à ondes courtes (SWIR) pour caractériser les argiles du bassin d'Athabasca, au Saskatchewan, en utilisant soixante-dix concentrés (20 de kaolinite, 10 de dickite, 19 d'illite, 16 de chlorites et 5 de magnésiofoïtite). Les argiles sont répandues dans les grès du bassin d'Athabasca Basin, et surtout dans les auréoles d'altération associées aux gisements d'uranium localisés près d'une non-conformité. Les analyses par microscopie électronique à balayage et à transmission, par diffraction X, par microsonde électronique et par SWIR confirment que la dickite est une phase majeure dans les grès. La kaolinite provenant de divers contextes géologiques possède des valeurs distinctes de cristallinité (i.e., indice de Hinckley dans l'intervalle de 0.84 à 1.61 dans les auréoles d'altération, de 0.45 à 0.7 dans les zones lessivées du paléorégolithe, et de 0.12 à 0.31 ...

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Section: The Swir Spectra Of Artificial Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Swir Spectra Of Artificial Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characterization and Quantitative Analysis of Clay Minerals in the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan: Application of Shortwave Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Zhang¹,

Wasyliuk²,

Pan³

2001

The Canadian Mineralogist

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“…A wide band around 1020 cm −1 is assigned to quartz, SiO 2 (Russell, 1987;Ravisankar et al, 2012), and the peak at 1646 cm −1 is attributed to the bending vibration modes of water (Manoharan et al, 2007). Peaks in the region of 2800-3000 cm −1 are ascribed to the C-C stretching that is present in the form of organic matter in the mineral contribution (Maritan et al, 2005) or may be due to P-OH bond stretching around 2845 cm −1 and 2935 cm −1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical and mineralogical analysis of Kashmir Cave (SMAST), Buner, Pakistan, and isolation and characterization of bacteria having antibacterial activity

Zada¹,

Naseem²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

JCKS

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Bacterial strains having the ability to inhibit the growth of other bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from Kashmir Smast (smast is Pushto for cave), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study includes mineralogical and geochemical analyses of soil sample collected from the cave, so as to describe the habitat from which the microorganisms have been isolated. Total bacterial count of the soil sample was 5.25 3 10 4 CFU mL −1. Four bacterial isolates having activity against test organisms Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Staphylococcus aureus were screened out for further study. Two of the isolates were found to be Gram-positive and the other two Gram-negative. The four isolates showing antibacterial activity were identified as Serratia sp. KC1-MRL, Bacillus licheniformis KC2-MRL, Bacillus sp. KC3-MRL, and Stenotrophomonas sp. KC4-MRL on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Although all isolates showed antibacterial activity, only Bacillus licheniformis KC2-MRL was selected for further study due to its large zone of inhibition. Antibacterial activity of B. licheniformis KC2-MRL was optimum when grown in nutrient broth adjusted to pH 5 and after 24 hours of incubation at 35 uC. The extracted antibacterial compound was stable at pH 5-7 and 40 uC when incubated for 1 hour. The strain was found resistant against cefotaxime (ctx). Atomic-absorption analysis of the soil sample collected from the cave showed high concentrations of calcium (332.938 mg kg ) compared to the control soil collected outside the cave. FTIR spectrum of the concentrated protein showed similarity to bacitracin. The antibacterial compound showed activity against both Gram-negative and positive test strains. Mineralogy of Kashmir Smast is diverse and noteworthy. Different geochemical classes identified by X-ray diffraction were nitrates, oxides, phosphates, silicates, and sulfates. Weathered cave limestone contributes notably to the formation of these minerals or compounds. FTIR spectroscopic analysis helped to identify minerals such as quartz, clinochlore, vermiculite, illite, calcite, and biotite.

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“…In the OH-bending region, three weak bands were observed at 864, 814 and 678 cm -1, which can be assigned to the Fe3+Fe3\OH) unit of nontronite (Russell and Fraser, 1994;Koster et a!., 1999).…”

Section: Infrared Spectral Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Formation of Nontronite from Oxidative Dissolution of Pyrite Disseminated in Precambrian Felsic Metavolcanics of the Southern Iberian Massif (Spain)

Fernández-Caliani

Crespo-Feo

Rodas

et al. 2004

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract-This paper describes a rare occurrence of nontronite associated with sulfide-bearing felsic metavolcanics, providing evidence of colloidal deposition in open spaces as result of a low-temperature water-rock interaction. Microbotryoidal masses of green nontronite with impurities of kao linite, illite, barite, amorphous silica and iron oxyhydroxides are found as vein and cavity fillings in deeply kaolinized rhyolites and rhyolitic tuffs of Precambrian age, at Oliva de Merida in SW Spain. Clay mineral characterization has been carried out by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, analytical electron microscopy and stable isotope (oxygen and hydrogen) analysis. Nontronite was formed under low-temperature alteration conditions, from a continuous sequence of reactions and aqueous solution compositions, involving two basic processes that acted in concert: oxidative dissolution of pyrite and hydrolysis of K-feldspar. After acidity neutralization, dissolved silica released by incongruent dissolution of K-feldspar reacted with ferric sulfate derived from pyrite oxidation to form nontronite under oxidizing conditions, in the presence of relatively warm meteoric water.

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Infrared methods

Cited by 233 publications

References 38 publications

The Characterization and Quantitative Analysis of Clay Minerals in the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan: Application of Shortwave Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

The Characterization and Quantitative Analysis of Clay Minerals in the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan: Application of Shortwave Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Geochemical and mineralogical analysis of Kashmir Cave (SMAST), Buner, Pakistan, and isolation and characterization of bacteria having antibacterial activity

Formation of Nontronite from Oxidative Dissolution of Pyrite Disseminated in Precambrian Felsic Metavolcanics of the Southern Iberian Massif (Spain)

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