Infrared Spectra of the Frozen Oxides of Nitrogen

Fateley, William G.; Bent, Henry A.; Crawford, Bryce

doi:10.1063/1.1730296

Cited by 253 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In Figure 2(a), the NO monomer feature peaks at 1875 cm −1 , 28, 29 while the trans-(NO) 2 absorbance band is centred around 1745 cm −1 . 28 The presence of the NO monomer in the ice mixture indicates that the NO mobility is limited in a CO lattice at 15 K. The remaining absorption features belong to the products of H/D-atom addition to CO, such as H 2 CO (1720, 1499 cm −1 ) and CH 3 OH (1060 cm −1 ). These reactions have been examined extensively in previous studies.…”

Section: B Hydrogenation Of No In Non-polar Co Surroundingsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Efficient surface formation route of interstellar hydroxylamine through NO hydrogenation. II. The multilayer regime in interstellar relevant ices

Fedoseev

Ioppolo

Lamberts

et al. 2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH) is one of the potential precursors of complex pre-biotic species in space. Here, we present a detailed experimental study of hydroxylamine formation through nitric oxide (NO) surface hydrogenation for astronomically relevant conditions. The aim of this work is to investigate hydroxylamine formation efficiencies in polar (water-rich) and non-polar (carbon monoxiderich) interstellar ice analogues. A complex reaction network involving both final (N 2 O, NH 2 OH) and intermediate (HNO, NH 2 O · , etc.) products is discussed. The main conclusion is that hydroxylamine formation takes place via a fast and barrierless mechanism and it is found to be even more abundantly formed in a water-rich environment at lower temperatures. In parallel, we experimentally verify the non-formation of hydroxylamine upon UV photolysis of NO ice at cryogenic temperatures as well as the non-detection of NC-and NCO-bond bearing species after UV processing of NO in carbon monoxide-rich ices. Our results are implemented into an astrochemical reaction model, which shows that NH 2 OH is abundant in the solid phase under dark molecular cloud conditions. Once NH 2 OH desorbs from the ice grains, it becomes available to form more complex species (e.g., glycine and β-alanine) in gas phase reaction schemes.

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Section: B Hydrogenation Of No In Non-polar Co Surroundingsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…4(a)). 28,35,40 The dilution of NO molecules in a CO matrix does not seem to influence this outcome substantially. As for Fig.…”

Section: Uv Photolysis Of No Containing Icesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Efficient surface formation route of interstellar hydroxylamine through NO hydrogenation. II. The multilayer regime in interstellar relevant ices

Fedoseev

Ioppolo

Lamberts

et al. 2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…3b) results in the disappearance of NH2OH, HNO, and H2CO absorption features, consistent with their photodestruction, and the simultaneous appearance of new absorption features, originating from newly formed photoproducts. Besides the formation of HCO radicals and NO monomers, assigned by absorption bands centered at 1859 and 1091 cm -1 (Ewing et al 1960) and 1875 cm -1 (Fateley et al 1959, Minissale et al 2014, respectively, the UV ice processing now results in the formation of N-C bearing molecules, such as HNCO. The latter is assigned through its strong absorption feature at 2261 cm -1 (Teles et al 1989).…”

Section: Simultaneous Hydrogenation and Uv Processing Of No Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous hydrogenation and UV-photolysis experiments of NO in CO-rich interstellar ice analogues; linking HNCO, OCN⁻, NH₂CHO, and NH₂OH

Fedoseev

Chuang

Dishoeck

et al. 2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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The laboratory work presented here, simulates the chemistry on icy dust grains as typical for the "CO freeze-out stage" in dark molecular clouds. It differs from previous studies in that solid-state hydrogenation and vacuum UV-photoprocessing are applied simultaneously to co-depositing molecules. In parallel, the reactions at play are described for fully characterized laboratory conditions. The focus is on the formation of molecules containing both carbon and nitrogen atoms, starting with NO in CO-, H2CO-, and CH3OH-rich ices at 13 K. The experiments yield three important conclusions. 1. Without UV-processing hydroxylamine (NH2OH) is formed, as reported previously. 2. With UV-processing (energetic) NH2 is formed through photodissociation of NH2OH. This radical is key in the formation of species with an N-C bond. 3. The formation of three N-C bearing species, HNCO, OCN -and NH2CHO is observed. The experiments put a clear chemical link between these species; OCN -is found to be a direct derivative of HNCO and the latter is shown to have the same precursor as formamide (NH2CHO). Moreover, the addition of VUV competing channels decreases the amount of NO molecules converted into NH2OHby at least one order of magnitude. Consequently, this decrease in NH2OH formation yield directly influences the amount of NO molecules that can be converted into HNCO, OCN -and NH2CHO.

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“…The presence, shape and peak position of the bands associated with the N 2 O 4 metastable structures are strongly related to the deposition rate and substrate temperature [32]. From these figures it is also evident that the profile of the main absorption bands for both NO 2 monomer and stable N 2 O 4 dimer (for their identification A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 7 see Table 5 and references therein) depends on the structure of the species constituting the frozen mixture, on their mobility and the relative amounts of each species.…”

Section: N 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel measurements of refractive index, density and mid-infrared integrated band strengths for solid O2, N2O and NO2:N2O4 mixtures

Fulvio¹,

Sivaraman²,

Baratta³

et al. 2009

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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We present novel measurements of the refractive index, density and integrated band strengths of mid-infrared features of solid N 2 O at 16 K and of NO 2 and N 2 O 4 in two frozen NO 2 : N 2 O 4 mixtures deposited at 16 and 60 K. The refractive index and density measurements were performed also for frozen O 2 deposited at 16 K. In this case, the integrated band strength values could not be determined since O 2 is a homonuclear molecule and therefore its fundamental mode is not infrared active. The solid samples were analysed by infrared spectroscopy in the 8000÷800 cm -1 range. The sample thickness was measured by the interference curve obtained using a He-Ne laser operating at 543 nm. The refractive index at this laser wavelength was obtained, by numerical methods, from the measured amplitude of the interference curve. The density values were obtained using the LorentzLorenz relation. Integrated band strength values were then obtained by a linear fit of the integrated band intensities plotted versus column density values. The astrophysical relevance of these novel measurements is briefly discussed.

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Infrared Spectra of the Frozen Oxides of Nitrogen

Cited by 253 publications

References 22 publications

Efficient surface formation route of interstellar hydroxylamine through NO hydrogenation. II. The multilayer regime in interstellar relevant ices

Efficient surface formation route of interstellar hydroxylamine through NO hydrogenation. II. The multilayer regime in interstellar relevant ices

Simultaneous hydrogenation and UV-photolysis experiments of NO in CO-rich interstellar ice analogues; linking HNCO, OCN⁻, NH₂CHO, and NH₂OH

Novel measurements of refractive index, density and mid-infrared integrated band strengths for solid O2, N2O and NO2:N2O4 mixtures

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Infrared Spectra of the Frozen Oxides of Nitrogen

Cited by 253 publications

References 22 publications

Efficient surface formation route of interstellar hydroxylamine through NO hydrogenation. II. The multilayer regime in interstellar relevant ices

Efficient surface formation route of interstellar hydroxylamine through NO hydrogenation. II. The multilayer regime in interstellar relevant ices

Simultaneous hydrogenation and UV-photolysis experiments of NO in CO-rich interstellar ice analogues; linking HNCO, OCN−, NH2CHO, and NH2OH

Novel measurements of refractive index, density and mid-infrared integrated band strengths for solid O2, N2O and NO2:N2O4 mixtures

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Simultaneous hydrogenation and UV-photolysis experiments of NO in CO-rich interstellar ice analogues; linking HNCO, OCN⁻, NH₂CHO, and NH₂OH