Infrared spectroscopic measurement of skin hydration and sebum levels and comparison to corneometer and sebumeter

Ezerskaia, Anna; Pereira, S. F.; Urbach, H. P.; Varghese, Babu

doi:10.1117/12.2225434

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Sebum, which has an absorption coefficient slightly higher than water at 1726 nm (1.8:1), 13,14 looks to be a viable endogenous alternative to exogenous chromophores for sebaceous gland selective photothermolysis 15 . Early evaluations showed histologic changes of 1726 nm laser selective destruction of sebocytes and clinical improvement that can last two years after treatment (Figures 1 and 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective photothermolysis with a novel 1726 nm laser beam: A safe and effective solution for acne vulgaris

Goldberg

Kothare²,

Doucette³

et al. 2022

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background Selective photothermolysis on sebaceous glands is an effective method for treating acne vulgaris (AV); however, safety, efficacy, and discomfort hinder its utilization in clinical settings. Aims The primary objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel 1726 nm laser with contact cooling to treat AV. Methods Seventeen patients aged 18 to 36 were enrolled and treated in this IRB‐approved, single‐center, open‐label study. Patients received up to three facial laser sessions up to seven weeks apart. Follow‐up visits happened ten days post‐session and at the 4 and 12 weeks following the final session. The investigator assessed the severity of device‐related adverse events (AEs). Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) and inflammatory lesion counts (ILC) were used as metrics to evaluate acne resolution and skin condition enhancement. Patients' perspectives on satisfaction and comfort using this technology were assessed using Subject Experience Questionnaires (SEQ). Results Safety assessment showed mild and transient AEs. All subjects tolerated anesthetics‐free treatments well, with a mean treatment discomfort score of 4.9 ± 1.5. Compared to baseline, a statistically significant reduction in ILC (p = 0.003) of 52% to 56% is achieved four to twelve weeks following treatment. Long‐term follow‐ups showed progressive improvement 24 months post‐treatment with a 97% reduction in ILC. SEQs revealed high subject satisfaction (71%) with psychosocial improvement three months post‐treatment. Conclusion The novel 1726 nm laser appears safe and effective for treating mild‐to‐severe acne. Acne resolution is apparent within the first month and progresses beyond the study duration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective photothermolysis with a novel 1726 nm laser beam: A safe and effective solution for acne vulgaris

Goldberg

Kothare²,

Doucette³

et al. 2022

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…The typical techniques used in measuring the hydration of the skin and its barrier function are electrical-based sensors, with the gold standard device being the corneometer. However, although such devices are widely used and considered accurate, they may exhibit a range of errors that can introduce significant measurement discrepancies which have not been adequately addressed in commercial devices [ 5 ]. The major errors can be grouped into two main categories: (i) errors that relate to the electrode–skin contact properties, and (ii) errors due to the nature of the measurand, given that the corneometer does not directly measure water content [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Errors in category (i) include variability as a function of contact area and geometry, electrode material, and applied pressure [ 5 ]. These errors can be associated with the fact that such instruments feature a two-electrode (bipolar) configuration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Modal Spectroscopic Assessment of Skin Hydration

Gidado,

Nwokoye,

Triantis

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Human skin acts as a protective barrier, preserving bodily functions and regulating water loss. Disruption to the skin barrier can lead to skin conditions and diseases, emphasizing the need for skin hydration monitoring. The gold-standard sensing method for assessing skin hydration is the Corneometer, monitoring the skin’s electrical properties. It relies on measuring capacitance and has the advantage of precisely detecting a wide range of hydration levels within the skin’s superficial layer. However, measurement errors due to its front end requiring contact with the skin, combined with the bipolar configuration of the electrodes used and discrepancies due to variations in various interfering analytes, often result in significant inaccuracy and a need to perform measurements under controlled conditions. To overcome these issues, we explore the merits of a different approach to sensing electrical properties, namely, a tetrapolar bioimpedance sensing approach, with the merits of a novel optical sensing modality. Tetrapolar bioimpedance allows for the elimination of bipolar measurement errors, and optical spectroscopy allows for the identification of skin water absorption peaks at wavelengths of 970 nm and 1450 nm. Employing both electrical and optical sensing modalities through a multimodal approach enhances skin hydration measurement sensitivity and validity. This layered approach may be particularly beneficial for minimising errors, providing a more robust and comprehensive tool for skin hydration assessment. An ex vivo desorption experiment was carried out on fresh porcine skin, and an in vivo indicative case study was conducted utilising the developed optical and bioimpedance sensing devices. Expected outcomes were expressed from both techniques, with an increase in the output of the optical sensor voltage and a decrease in bioimpedance as skin hydration decreased. MLR models were employed, and the results presented strong correlations (R-squared = 0.996 and p-value = 6.45 × 10−21), with an enhanced outcome for hydration parameters when both modalities were combined as opposed to independently, highlighting the advantage of the multimodal sensing approach for skin hydration assessment.

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“…The principles of selective photothermolysis have been employed to develop a cutting‐edge laser device that emits energy at λ = 1726 nm, making it safe and effective in treating acne vulgaris by selectively targeting the sebaceous glands—the host target for C. acnes 9 . This state‐of‐the‐art approach is made possible by utilizing sebum as a potential endogenous chromophore that strongly absorbs light at λ = 1726 nm, compared to water 10–13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 This state-of-the-art approach is made possible by utilizing sebum as a potential endogenous chromophore that strongly absorbs light at λ = 1726 nm, compared to water. [10][11][12][13] Selectively targeting the sebaceous glands reduces sebum, decreases the proliferation of C. acnes, and preserves the surrounding dermis and epidermis. This mechanism reduces the risk of inflammation and minimizes harm to healthy skin tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective photothermolysis in acne treatment: The impact of laser power

Scopelliti,

Hamidi‐Sakr,

Möller

et al. 2023

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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BackgroundSelective photothermolysis (SPT) using a 1726 nm laser has emerged as a safe and effective treatment option for acne vulgaris by targeting sebaceous glands (SG). Power output plays a crucial role in determining treatment selectivity and efficacy.AimsThis work highlights the advantages of a higher‐power laser source and outlines the limitations of lower‐power laser sources and the subsequent impact on treatment.MethodsLight transport and bioheat transfer simulations were performed to demonstrate photothermal impact on the SG and the surrounding dermis when irradiated by a high‐ or lower‐power laser source.ResultsThe simulations showed that a single higher‐power‐shorter‐pulse (HPSP) selectively increases SG temperature well beyond bulk temperatures, which is desirable for SPT. Selectivity decreases linearly with power for the single lower‐power‐longer‐pulses (LPLP) exposure. A multiple‐LPLP approach elevates bulk temperatures significantly more than a single‐pulse strategy, compromising selectivity.ConclusionThe goal of SPT is to damage SG safely and effectively by creating an intense temperature rise localized to the SG while moderately increasing the dermis temperature. This goal is mostly achieved with higher‐power lasers that deliver a single HPSP. Lower‐power lasers, longer pulse widths, and multi‐pulse strategies result in higher bulk temperatures and lower SG selectivity, making such treatment challenging to execute while adding a higher risk of discomfort and downtime.

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Infrared spectroscopic measurement of skin hydration and sebum levels and comparison to corneometer and sebumeter

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Selective photothermolysis with a novel 1726 nm laser beam: A safe and effective solution for acne vulgaris

Selective photothermolysis with a novel 1726 nm laser beam: A safe and effective solution for acne vulgaris

Multi-Modal Spectroscopic Assessment of Skin Hydration

Selective photothermolysis in acne treatment: The impact of laser power

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