Infrared spectroscopy of some carbon-based materials relevant in combustion: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrogen

Russo, Carmela; Stanzione, Fernando; Tregrossi, A.; Ciajolo, A.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.014

Cited by 151 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…IR Spectral Analysis. Quantitative FTIR analysis of aliphatic and aromatic hydrogen 15 was performed on solid sample dispersions prepared by mixing and grinding the pitch samples (0.25−0.5 wt %) with KBr. The KBr dispersions were compressed at 10 tons for 10 min into thin disks having a mean thickness value of 0.035 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a very complex region where the vibrations of carbon−carbon bonds strongly overlap, as typically exhibited by complex carbon defective networks featuring solid carbon particles. 15,44,45 Eventually, the peaks in the 900−700 cm −1 region are remarkable, due to the "out-of-plane" (OPLA) bending modes of aromatic C−H bonds. 46 OPLA modes are sensitive to the ring substitution and give rise to different components according to the number of adjacent hydrogen atoms on a ring, named solo, duo, trio, and quatro.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of pitch samples, whereas the MW distribution has been measured by both size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and laser desorption ionization time-offlight mass spectrometry (LDI−TOFMS). The hydrogen content and the aliphatic/aromatic hydrogen distribution have been measured by a quantitative infrared (IR) spectroscopic analysis 15 and used to infer specific compositional and structural features as the aliphatic functionalities and aromatic structures. The characteristics of aromatic moieties have also been inferred by ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) absorption and emission (fluorescence) spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Characterization of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 1: The Case of Coal Tar Pitch and Naphthalene-Derived Pitch

et al. 2015

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The different thermal behaviors and solubilities of large and structurally different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures featuring coal tar pitch (CP) and naphthalene synthetic pitch (NP) samples could be read in light of their different molecular weight (MW) distribution and spectroscopic features. The number-average MW obtained by mass spectrometry for CP (417 Da) and NP (691 Da) resulted to be lower in comparison to the values evaluated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) (796 and 824 Da for CP and NP, respectively) because of the different response of the detector of mass spectrometry to low-and high-MW components. Hence, SEC showed to be more suitable for the analysis of PAH mixtures overlapping and covering a higher mass range in comparison to mass spectrometry. Insights into structural PAH features were given by means of spectroscopic analysis [infrared (IR), ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis), and fluorescence], allowing for the discrimination between different families of PAHs as ortho-fused PAHs and rylenes interspersed with aliphatic (mainly naphthenic) groups, mainly featuring CP and NP, respectively. Besides showing the different aromaticity and aliphatic/aromatic hydrogen distribution, the improvement of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV−vis absorption analysis put also in evidence the contribution of carbon-rich particle impurities and PAH aggregates in CP and NP, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Characterization of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 1: The Case of Coal Tar Pitch and Naphthalene-Derived Pitch

et al. 2015

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“…The wide variation in the position of the L1 peak from 3.8 to 5.2 µm −1 (192 to 262 nm) is consistent with previous experimental works where the UV peak is centered between 180 and 280 nm (Llamas Jansa et al 2003). Russo et al (2014) found that the spectral features in the UV-visible range are mainly affected by the higher molecular weight species of combustion flame products. Because L1 is strongly correlated to the optical gap E g , variations in the position of L1 can be attributed to changes in the nanostructuration due to varying H/C, sp 3 /sp 2 , and the size of the polyaromatic units, which will be discussed in the following sections.…”

Section: E G Versus ω C (L1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The out of plane (OOP) bending modes in the 900 to 700 cm −1 (11 to 15 µm) are generally used for the classification of the aromatic ring edge structures (Russo et al 2014), but these are only present in the soots prepared in flames with C/O = 0.82 and 1.05. The mid-infrared attributions are found in previous soot studies (Carpentier et al 2012;Dartois et al 2007).…”

Section: Relationships Among the Uv And Mid-ir Fit Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaromatic disordered carbon grains as carriers of the UV bump: Far-UV to mid-IR spectroscopy of laboratory analogs

Gavilan

Pino

et al. 2017

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Context. A multiwavelength study of laboratory carbons with varying degrees of hydrogenation and sp 2 hybridization is required to characterize the structure of the carbonaceous carriers of interstellar and circumstellar extinction. Aims. We study the spectral properties of carbonaceous dust analogs from the far-ultraviolet to the mid-infrared and correlate features in both spectral ranges to the aromatic/aliphatic degree. Methods. Analogs to carbonaceous interstellar dust encountered in various phases of the interstellar medium have been prepared in the laboratory. These are amorphous hydrogenated carbons (a-C:H), analogs to the diffuse interstellar medium component, and soot particles, analogs to the polyaromatic component. Thin films (d < 100 nm) have been measured in transmission in the vacuumultraviolet (VUV; 120-210 nm) within the atmospheric pressure experiment (APEX) chamber of the DISCO beam line at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility. Spectra of these films were further measured through the UV-Vis (210 nm-1 µm) and in the mid-infrared (3-15 µm). Results. Tauc optical gaps, E g , are derived from the visible spectra. The major spectral features are fitted through the VUV to the midinfrared to obtain positions, full-widths at half maximum (FWHM), and integrated intensities. These are plotted against the position of the π-π * electronic transitions peak. Unidentified or overlapping features in the UV are identified by correlations with complementary infrared data. A correlation between the optical gap and position of the π-π * electronic transitions peak is found. The latter is also correlated to the position of the sp 3 carbon defect band at ∼8 µm, the aromatic C=C stretching mode position at ∼6 µm, and the H/C ratio. Conclusions. Ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy of structurally diverse carbon samples are used to constrain the nanostructural properties of carbon carriers of both circumstellar and interstellar extinction, such as the associated coherent lengths and the size of polyaromatic units. Our study suggests that carriers of the interstellar UV bump should exhibit infrared bands akin to the A/B classes of the aromatic infrared bands, while the circumstellar bump carriers should exhibit bands corresponding to the B/C classes.

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Development of Mechanically Responsive Self‐reporting Coating

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Infrared spectroscopy of some carbon-based materials relevant in combustion: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrogen

Cited by 151 publications

References 41 publications

Structural Characterization of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 1: The Case of Coal Tar Pitch and Naphthalene-Derived Pitch

Structural Characterization of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 1: The Case of Coal Tar Pitch and Naphthalene-Derived Pitch

Polyaromatic disordered carbon grains as carriers of the UV bump: Far-UV to mid-IR spectroscopy of laboratory analogs

Development of Mechanically Responsive Self‐reporting Coating

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