Infrared spectroscopy studies of the petroleum pitch carbon fiber—I. The raw materials, the stabilization, and carbonization processes

Yang, Charles Q.; Simms, J. R.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(93)90133-u

Cited by 49 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Other possible oxidative gases or liquids usable for stabilization include oxygen, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide 2. During the manufacture of pitch‐based CFs, the reactions that occur during the stabilization process are oxidation, dehydration, condensation, crosslinking, and elimination 13–15. The extent of the chemical transformation depends on the starting pitch raw material 15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for stabilizing softwood kraft lignin fibers for carbon fiber production

Norberg¹,

Nordström²,

Drougge³

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

187

154

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Renewable resources, such as kraft lignin, have shown great potential as precursors for carbon fiber production. This manuscript reports an investigation into the stabilization of softwood kraft lignin (SKL) fibers and the determination of the difference in stabilization between hardwood‐ and softwood‐based kraft lignin fibers. The stabilization was achieved either thermally by using only heat or oxidatively in the presence of air, at various heating rates. A heating rate of 4°C min−1 and a holding time of 30 min at 250°C were successfully used for the thermal stabilization experiments. Faster stabilization was achieved using oxidative conditions at a heating rate of 15°C min−1 and 30 min holding time at 250°C. Furthermore, stabilization and carbonization in a one‐step process was performed on SKL fibers, which show great potential to reduce both production time and costs. The stabilized and carbonized fibers were evaluated using thermal, spectroscopic, and microscopic methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for stabilizing softwood kraft lignin fibers for carbon fiber production

Norberg¹,

Nordström²,

Drougge³

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

187

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…At around 500 K, an important band in the region between 1740 and 1650 cm À1 (carbonyl and carboxylic groups [24]) begins to be apparent in the spectrum of PFs. Finally, while holding the temperature at 573 K, a progressive development of the bands around 1850-1735 cm À1 (aromatic anhydrides, esters and aromatic esters [22][23][24]) and at 1300-1200 cm À1 (related to -OH groups and C-O bonds, respectively) occurs.…”

Section: Study Of Stabilisation Of Pitch Fibres In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 shows the variable heating rates used during the stabilisation process followed: 5 K/min up to 403 K, 1 K/min up to 493 K (soaking time of 60 min) and 1 K/min up to 573 K (soaking time of 480 min). It can be seen that the weight gain produced on the PFs as the temperature increases, which is related with the oxygen that is oxidised the pitch molecules [18][19][20][21][22]. This weight gain reaches a maximum of 7 wt.% at 573 K, when this temperature is kept constant, a decrease of the weight takes place.…”

Section: Study Of Stabilisation Of Pitch Fibres In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other works [18][19][20][21][22], have studied the air stabilisation process of PFs. From these studies it has been observed that as the stabilisation progresses, a decrease in the hydrogen bands (Haro and Hali, indicating, respectively, hydrogen bonded to aromatic carbons and hydrogen bonded to aliphatic carbon) is observed (3100-2800, 1440, 900-700 cm À1 ).…”

Section: Study Of Stabilisation Of Pitch Fibres In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the stabilisation time of pitch fibres on the molecular sieve properties of carbon fibres

Vilaplana-Ortego

Alcañiz-Monge

Cazorla‐Amorós

et al. 2008

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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The stabilisation of pitch fibres (PFs) is the most important step for their subsequent use in the preparation of carbon fibres (CFs) and their resulting characteristics. The present work studies the influence that the stabilisation time has on the porosity of the CFs, and on the subsequent properties as carbon molecular sieve (CMS). The increase of the stabilisation time carried out at 573 K, from 2 to 8 h favours their CMS properties producing a decrease in the microposity accessible to N 2 , which gets completely blocked after 6 and 8 h, while the narrow microporosity (V-DR CO 2 ) remains accessible. Adsorption kinetic studies with CH 4 and CO 2 were performed to assess the possibility of using these CFs as CMS by comparing them with Takeda 3A CMS. The results suggest that there is an optimal stabilisation time which allows the preparation of CFs from an abundant raw precursor with properties similar to Takeda 3A CMS.

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“…The absorbance spectrum was obtained by ratioing sample spectrum with that of (FTIR) spectroscopy is one such commercially available accessory that has been used. 9 Though reference. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectrum of carbon fibre was this combination provides a good alternative, it has limitations in terms of sample handling and recorded under vacuum using a praying mantis model diffuse reflectance attachment with a sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nondestructive evaluation of carbon fiber by mirage-FTIR spectroscopy

Boccara¹,

Fournier²,

Kumar³

et al. 1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Carbon fiber, being black (high absorptivity) material, is difficult to analyze by the conventional infrared (IR) techniques. Probably due to this fact, most of the studies reported in literature have been restricted to the thermal degradation of polyacrylonitrile-based fibers only. In the present work, we have used a recently developed mirage-FTIR technique for recording the IR spectra of carbon fibre at different stages of production, right from the precursor to final product. A study of microstructural/ chemical changes occuring not only provides the information on structure but also demonstrates an unusual and highly technical industrial application.

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Infrared spectroscopy studies of the petroleum pitch carbon fiber—I. The raw materials, the stabilization, and carbonization processes

Cited by 49 publications

References 17 publications

A new method for stabilizing softwood kraft lignin fibers for carbon fiber production

A new method for stabilizing softwood kraft lignin fibers for carbon fiber production

Effect of the stabilisation time of pitch fibres on the molecular sieve properties of carbon fibres

Nondestructive evaluation of carbon fiber by mirage-FTIR spectroscopy

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