Infrared thermography: a rapid and accurate technique to detect feline aortic thromboembolism

Pouzot‐Nevoret, Céline; Barthélémy, Anthony; Goy‐Thollot, Isabelle; Boselli, Emmanuel; Cambournac, Maxime; Guillaumin, Julien; Bonnet-Garin, Jeanne-Marie; Allaouchiche, Bernard

doi:10.1177/1098612x17732485

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This high emissivity of skin enables the use of thermography as a medical tool. It has been applied to assess organ perfusion during transplantation [12], thromboembolism [13,14] and vasculopathy secondary to diabetes [15] or Raynaud's disease [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of infrared thermography to detect early alterations of peripheral perfusion: evaluation in a porcine model

Magnin¹,

Junot²,

Cardinali³

et al. 2020

Biomed. Opt. Express

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This study aimed to evaluate the variations of infrared thermography according to rapid hemodynamic changes, by measuring the peripheral skin temperature in a porcine model. Eight healthy piglets were anesthetized and exposed to different levels of arterial pressure. Thermography was performed on the left forelimb to measure carpus and elbow skin temperature and their associated gradient with the core temperature. Changes in skin temperature in response to variations of blood pressure were observed. A negative correlation between arterial pressure and temperature gradients between peripheral and core temperature and a negative correlation between cardiac index and these temperature gradients were observed. Thermography may serve as a tool to detect early changes in peripheral perfusion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of infrared thermography to detect early alterations of peripheral perfusion: evaluation in a porcine model

Magnin¹,

Junot²,

Cardinali³

et al. 2020

Biomed. Opt. Express

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“…In equine patients, thermography has been used in early detection of laminitis, tendon and ligament injuries, and thoracolumbar pain (8). In cats, thermography has been used in detection of pain (9), aortic thromboembolism (10), and hyperthyroidism (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Thermographic Imaging in Canine Hindlimb Muscles After 6 Min of Walking—A Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Objective: To evaluate changes in superficial temperature of hindlimb muscles before and after a 6-min walk in healthy dogs. Methods: Two infrared thermographic images were captured of the proximal and distal hindlimbs of 11 healthy dogs before and after a 6-min walk. Orthopedic exam and objective gait analysis confirmed the healthy status of study subjects. Superficial temperatures of the gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, and gracilis were assessed. Analysis of images was performed using 2 different methods of region of interest (ROI) selection. ROI were selected first using one point (single pixel) in the muscle and then separately by selecting a line (LN) corresponding to many points of each muscle belly from which an average was taken. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was no significant change in temperature using point ROI before and after 6 min of walking of the gastrocnemius, gracilis, and biceps femoris muscles (p = 0.273, p = 0.349, p = 0.351, respectively). Using linear ROI, both biceps femoris and gracilis muscles exhibited significant increases in temperature (p < 0.0001, p = 0.032, respectively). There was no significant increase in temperature of gastrocnemius muscle for both point and linear ROI selection (p = 0.273, p = 0.448, respectively). The right biceps femoris temperatures were higher compared to left biceps femoris using the linear ROI before and after walks (p < 0.0001). The overall (left and right limbs pooled) standard deviation of point selected values were greater than LN selected values of the biceps femoris (1.35 and 1.11) and gastrocnemius (1.51 and 1.23). In contrast, standard deviation for the gracilis measurements were decreased using point selection vs. LN selection (1.09 and 1.3). Conclusions: The biceps femoris and gracilis muscles demonstrated significant increases in surface temperature after 6 min of walking using the linear method of ROI. Measurement of numerous points along the entire length of the biceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscles may provide a more accurate assessment of the increased vascularity within the tissues resulting from work compared to single point selection. Clinical Significance: Prior activity and ROI selection method should be considered when interpreting thermography results.

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“… 99 Infrared thermography shows the caudal limbs distal to the stifle and the tail are cooler than the rest of the body. 100 A limitation of blood sampling and of thermography is that the diagnostic value has been shown in studies of cats with unmistakable physical signs of ATE; the performance of such tests when the diagnosis is in question (‘partialocclusion thromboemboli’), which is when additional diagnostic information would be most useful, is not well established. Ultrasound can be used to identify the thromboembolus and aortic blood flow occlusion, as can computed tomographic angiography.…”

Section: Arterial Thromboembolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Feline Cardiomyopathies: 1. General concepts

Kittleson

Côté

2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Practical relevance: The feline cardiomyopathies are the most prevalent type of heart disease in adult domestic cats. Several forms have been identified (see Parts 2 and 3), with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) being the most common. Clinically the cardiomyopathies are often indistinguishable. Cats with subclinical cardiomyopathy may or may not have characteristic physical examination findings (eg, heart murmur, gallop sound), or radiographic cardiomegaly. Cats with severe disease may develop signs of heart failure (eg, dyspnea, tachypnea) or systemic arterial thromboembolism (ATE; eg, pain and paralysis). Sudden death is possible. Treatment usually does not alter the progression from subclinical to clinical disease and often the treatment approach, once clinical signs are apparent, is the same regardless of the type of cardiomyopathy. However, differentiating cardiomyopathy from normal variation may be important prognostically. Patient group: Domestic cats of any age from 3 months upward, of either sex and of any breed, can be affected. Mixed-breed cats are most commonly affected but certain breeds are disproportionately prone to developing HCM. Diagnostics: Subclinical feline cardiomyopathies may be suspected based on physical examination findings, thoracic radiographs and cardiac biomarker results but often the disease is clinically silent. The definitive clinical confirmatory test is echocardiography. Left heart failure (pulmonary edema and/or pleural effusion) is most commonly diagnosed radiographically, but point-of-care ultrasound and amino terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) biomarker testing can also be useful, especially when the stress of taking radiographs is best avoided. Key findings: Knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms helps the practitioner identify the feline cardiomyopathies and understand how these diseases progress and how they manifest clinically (heart failure, ATE). Existing diagnostic tests have strengths and limitations, and being aware of these can help a practitioner deliver optimal recommendations regarding referral. Conclusions: Several types of feline cardiomyopathies exist in both subclinical (mild to severe disease) and clinical (severe disease) phases. Heart failure and ATE are the most common clinical manifestations of severe cardiomyopathy and are therapeutic targets regardless of the type of cardiomyopathy. The long-term prognosis is often guarded or poor once overt clinical manifestations are present. Areas of uncertainty: Some cats with presumed cardiomyopathy do not have echocardiographic features that fit the classic cardiomyopathies (cardiomyopathy – nonspecific phenotype). Although no definitive treatment is usually available, understanding how cardiomyopathies evolve remains worthy of investigation.

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Infrared thermography: a rapid and accurate technique to detect feline aortic thromboembolism

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Use of infrared thermography to detect early alterations of peripheral perfusion: evaluation in a porcine model

Use of infrared thermography to detect early alterations of peripheral perfusion: evaluation in a porcine model

Evaluation of Thermographic Imaging in Canine Hindlimb Muscles After 6 Min of Walking—A Pilot Study

The Feline Cardiomyopathies: 1. General concepts

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