Infrared thermography cannot be used to approximate core body temperature in wild primates

McFarland, Richard; Barrett, Louise; Fuller, Andrea; Hetem, Robyn S.; Porter, Warren P.; Young, Christopher; Henzi, S. Peter

doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.289512

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Indeed, it has been shown that non-human primates and humans tend to spontaneously give birth mostly during the night and early morning (Honnebier and Nathanielsz, 1994;Martin et al, 2018;Macfarlane et al, 2019;Declercq et al, 2023). The nocturnal onset of childbirth might be more temperature efficient (McFarland et al, 2022), free from insects and diurnal predators, and surrounded by more supporting conspecifics, despite vulnerability to nocturnal predators. Thus, activities that promote cohesion and deter predators decreasing pain, danger and anxiety would greatly benefit human childbirth; musical pain, activities seem to do so.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal selective pressures on the evolution of human musicality as a missing piece of the adaptationist puzzle

Varella

2023

Front. Psychol.

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Human musicality exhibits the necessary hallmarks for biological adaptations. Evolutionary explanations focus on recurrent adaptive problems that human musicality possibly solved in ancestral environments, such as mate selection and competition, social bonding/cohesion and social grooming, perceptual and motor skill development, conflict reduction, safe time-passing, transgenerational communication, mood regulation and synchronization, and credible signaling of coalition and territorial/predator defense. Although not mutually exclusive, these different hypotheses are still not conceptually integrated nor clearly derived from independent principles. I propose The Nocturnal Evolution of Human Musicality and Performativity Theory in which the night-time is the missing piece of the adaptationist puzzle of human musicality and performing arts. The expansion of nocturnal activities throughout human evolution, which is tied to tree-to-ground sleep transition and habitual use of fire, might help (i) explain the evolution of musicality from independent principles, (ii) explain various seemingly unrelated music features and functions, and (iii) integrate many ancestral adaptive values proposed. The expansion into the nocturnal niche posed recurrent ancestral adaptive challenges/opportunities: lack of luminosity, regrouping to cook before sleep, imminent dangerousness, low temperatures, peak tiredness, and concealment of identity. These crucial night-time features might have selected evening-oriented individuals who were prone to acoustic communication, more alert and imaginative, gregarious, risk-taking and novelty-seeking, prone to anxiety modulation, hedonistic, promiscuous, and disinhibited. Those night-time selected dispositions may have converged and enhanced protomusicality into human musicality by facilitating it to assume many survival- and reproduction-enhancing roles (social cohesion and coordination, signaling of coalitions, territorial defense, antipredatorial defense, knowledge transference, safe passage of time, children lullabies, and sexual selection) that are correspondent to the co-occurring night-time adaptive challenges/opportunities. The nocturnal dynamic may help explain musical features (sound, loudness, repetitiveness, call and response, song, elaboration/virtuosity, and duetting/chorusing). Across vertebrates, acoustic communication mostly occurs in nocturnal species. The eveningness chronotype is common among musicians and composers. Adolescents, who are the most evening-oriented humans, enjoy more music. Contemporary tribal nocturnal activities around the campfire involve eating, singing/dancing, storytelling, and rituals. I discuss the nocturnal integration of musicality’s many roles and conclude that musicality is probably a multifunctional mental adaptation that evolved along with the night-time adaptive landscape.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal selective pressures on the evolution of human musicality as a missing piece of the adaptationist puzzle

Varella

2023

Front. Psychol.

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“…Since both groups showed similar exposure, the difference in C-SC skin temperature between groups is likely to be due to the suit worn. Because of a positive association between surface and core body [31], it seems a reasonable assumption to consider that C-SC skin temperature reflects core body temperature patterns, but not necessarily absolute core temperature [32]. Then, as a conclusion, compared to wetsuits, it would be logical to assume that dry suit better preserve core temperature as this condition is associated with both an increase of C-SC skin temperature and an alleged increased core-to-skin temperature gradient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of insulation provided by dry or wetsuits among recreational divers during cold water immersion (< 5°C)

Lafère

Guerrero

Germonpré

et al. 2021

International Maritime Health

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“…All data used in the current analyses are openly available on Figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25053314 (McFarland et al., 2024).…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother–offspring conflict and body temperature regulation during gestation and lactation in a wild primate

McFarland,

Henzi,

Fuller

et al. 2024

Functional Ecology

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The physiological performance of a mother during reproduction represents a trade‐off between continued investment in her current offspring, and the mother's own survival and ability to invest in future offspring. Here, we used core body temperature (Tb) patterns to examine the degree to which maternal body temperatures support the infant during periods of gestation and lactation. We implanted 30 wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) with miniature data loggers to obtain continuous measurements of core Tb during periods of typical (i.e. non‐drought periods) and limited (i.e. drought period) resource availability. We tracked maternal Tb profiles across the gestation and lactation periods, associated with 23 births, and compared those with Tb profiles of non‐reproductive females. This allowed us to examine the flexibility in maternal body temperatures and test whether limited resource availability shifts priority away from offspring investment and towards self‐maintenance. Vervet monkeys demonstrated the predicted pattern of gestational hypothermia and improved homeothermy in the gestation period during typical conditions, consistent with the maintenance of a thermal gradient to facilitate heat loss from the foetus. During periods of limited resource availability (i.e. drought), mothers were less homeothermic and more hyperthermic during the gestation period. Vervet monkeys showed no evidence of lactational hyperthermia during typical conditions. During the drought, lactating mothers demonstrated hyperthermia and increased variability in body temperature, consistent with the increased metabolic demands and water requirements for milk production required to support growing infants. Although a mother's degree of homeothermy during gestation and lactation was unrelated to her infant's chance of survival to weaning, mothers did show flexibility in the degree to which they prioritized the maintenance of a thermal environment that supports their infant's development. Together, our findings demonstrate that flexibility in a mother's investment in thermoregulation during gestation and lactation may reflect a bet‐hedging trade‐off between self‐maintenance and offspring investment. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Infrared thermography cannot be used to approximate core body temperature in wild primates

Cited by 3 publications

References 82 publications

Nocturnal selective pressures on the evolution of human musicality as a missing piece of the adaptationist puzzle

Nocturnal selective pressures on the evolution of human musicality as a missing piece of the adaptationist puzzle

Comparison of insulation provided by dry or wetsuits among recreational divers during cold water immersion (< 5°C)

Mother–offspring conflict and body temperature regulation during gestation and lactation in a wild primate

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