Infrared Thermography technique (IRT) for the evaluation of the hydric behavior of building stones

Forestieri, Giulia; Buergo, Mónica Álvarez de

doi:10.21014/acta_imeko.v7i3.559

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The capillary water uptake can be followed by IRT since the variation of emittance in wet porous materials allows the movement of water to be visualised on stone sur-faces [36,81]. Regarding the fresh stones, the thermographs showed a correlation between porosity and water absorption by capillarity [37,38], with a faster rise in the chalk, whilst slower in the sandstone and the granites, with a stabilisation of the wet fringe at the middle of the samples.…”

Section: Irt As a Tool To Detect Microstructural Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Infrared Thermography on the Measurement of Microstructural Changes of Reservoir Rocks Induced by Temperature

et al. 2021

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A variation of temperature produces a change in the microstructure of the rock due to the mineral thermal expansion and its residual strain. Depending on the temperature cycle and texture, microstresses may lead to the development of preexistent cracks or the creation of a new and irreversible cracking. The effect of temperature on reservoir rocks is an important topic since it conditions the permeability and the fluid flow. Two main questions arise from this: the first is if an irreversible cracking threshold is attained in the reservoir rocks at low temperature geothermal systems (around 100 °C); the second one is about the influence of thermal fatigue by the repetition of heating–cooling cycles on the different rock types. To answer these questions, four reservoir rocks (chalk, sandstone, fresh granite, and weathered granite) were submitted to two different thermal regimes. The first test was conceived to detect the irreversible cracking threshold, and for that, the rocks were submitted to progressive heating (90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, and 130 °C). The second test consisted of doing cycles of fast heating of the samples up to 200 °C. The microstructure variation was assessed by means of a scanning electron microscope, mercury porosimetry, and capillary water uptake combined with passive infrared thermography. Infrared thermography is an emerging tool in the field of rock study, used to detect water masses or determine thermal properties. The water transfer during the capillary tests of the rocks, before and after the tests, was monitored with this technique. In addition, the cooling rate index, a non-destructive parameter to detect cracking development, was calculated. The results made it possible to differentiate the behaviours in relation to the rock type, with a chalk and a weathered granite less susceptible to thermal stresses than a fresh granite and sandstone. In addition, infrared thermography resulted in being a very useful indirect technique to detect the changes on the surface, although they do not always correlate to the bulk microstructural changes.

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Section: Irt As a Tool To Detect Microstructural Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IRT allows one to visualise the fluid flow [36][37][38][39], and to quantify the thermal kinetics of the rocks. They are directly related to porosity [40][41][42] or decay state [43], and, consequently, a heated stone will reach the temperature equilibrium with the environment faster with higher porosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Infrared Thermography on the Measurement of Microstructural Changes of Reservoir Rocks Induced by Temperature

et al. 2021

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“…In [10], colorimetric acquisition from a laser scanner and materic survey were used to observe alterations and irregularities within the masonry of a historic chapel. Forestieri e Álvarez de Buergo [11] used infrared thermography (IRT) to evaluate the water distribution in stone specimens made of calcarenite and sandstone under steady laboratory conditions for temperature and relative humidity. Based on the study's outcomes, IRT can be effectively used as a non-destructive technique to identify the stone's physical characteristics and the validity of conservation measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of fungal formations in historic buildings based on dynamic thermo-hygrometric analysis

Carpino,

Loukou,

Nicoletti

et al. 2023

Acta IMEKO

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Historical and cultural heritage must be preserved and protected from deterioration. In particular, the integrity of structures is threatened by inadequate maintenance, exceptional events (such as fires and floods), and exposure to increasing air pollution. In addition, indoor environments may provide favorable conditions for colonizing harmful agents. Fungal contamination and growth in buildings can lead to the deterioration of surfaces. Fungi need damp environments to germinate and grow, for example, in the presence of water condensation on surfaces. In this paper, an investigation is carried out to examine the conditions that favor the growth of different fungal species on building materials commonly used in historic buildings, such as brick masonry, limestone, and plaster. The analyzed climatic conditions refer to three locations, typical of Northern, Central, and Southern Europe, respectively. These conditions are obtained using the DesignBuilder software. A more detailed analysis of the walls is then performed with the WUFI software. The paper suggests solutions to reduce the risk of fungal growth and, therefore, to avoid phenomena that can damage the historical heritage.

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Monitoring changes in hydric properties of treated stone material with conservation products by time-sequential IR thermography

Perez-Ema,

Alvarez de Buergo,

Gomez-Heras

2024

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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A methodological approach for a semi-quantitative non-destructive testing (NDT) of the effects on hydric properties after the application of different conservation treatments (commercial ethylsilicate and siloxane compounds with consolidant, water repellent or consolidant + water repellent properties) is presented in this study. The NDT used for this purpose is a simplified method of time-sequential infrared thermography (IRT) on stone (granite and marble, treated and untreated) from the Roman theatre of Merida (Spain), which was listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Site in 1993.As water evaporation modifies temperature intensely, IRT enables monitoring the response of the stone samples during water absorption-evaporation processes. The comparative analysis between treated and non-treated specimens was performed by calculating the rate of surface apparent temperature change (ΔoC/h) value. The capillary rising test, monitored by IRT, clearly showed a different response of the samples treated with water-repellent treatments, proving their efficiency. Samples treated with organosilicic compounds showed a large and rapid drop in apparent surface temperature, indicating that water accesses rapidly.Results from the evaporation test also show this difference. The surface apparent temperature increased immediately in samples with water-repellent treatments, in which water does not enter inside stone, but remains on the surface. Samples with ethyl silicate, again, show a greater difference with respect to untreated samples, taking longer to recover surface apparent temperature, because the water is retained inside the stone for longer.This study proved simplified time-sequential IRT as a reliable technique for assessing the efficacy of conservation treatments applied to stone materials in laboratory.

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Infrared Thermography technique (IRT) for the evaluation of the hydric behavior of building stones

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

The Use of Infrared Thermography on the Measurement of Microstructural Changes of Reservoir Rocks Induced by Temperature

The Use of Infrared Thermography on the Measurement of Microstructural Changes of Reservoir Rocks Induced by Temperature

Risk assessment of fungal formations in historic buildings based on dynamic thermo-hygrometric analysis

Monitoring changes in hydric properties of treated stone material with conservation products by time-sequential IR thermography

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