Infrasound tremor from bubble burst eruptions in the viscous shallow crater lake of White Island, New Zealand, and its implications for interpreting volcanic source processes

Capturing the Acoustic Radiation Pattern of Strombolian Eruptions using Infrasound Sensors Aboard a Tethered Aerostat, Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu

“…Several examples of such directivity effects have been documented from visual (Lube et al, ), seismic (Kanamori & Given, ), infrasound (Jolly et al, ; McKee et al, ; Rowell et al, ), and GPS observations (Fournier & Jolly, ). Observed features of infrasonic records include seismoacoustic energy coupling and wave conversion (e.g., Johnson & Aster ; Ichihara et al, ), excitations from secondary source features such as jet turbulence (e.g., Matoza et al, ; Rowell et al, ), or distorted frequencies that may be ascribed to Doppler effects (Jolly et al, ). Eruption directivity effects may be associated with hazardous surge events (Lube et al, ), ballistics impact on infrastructure (Fitzgerald et al, ; Tsunematsu et al ), and lateral blasts (Kanamori & Given, ; Kieffer, ); hence, the rapid recognition of such events from real‐time seismoacoustic systems may someday improve response capabilities for emergency managers.…”

A viscous‐to‐brittle transition in eruptions through clay suspensions

“…[] and Jolly et al . [] shows that the eruption mechanisms of these kind of ejection events is complex; we concur with these authors that the variability of ϕ locally in the lake fluid (the rheology) is a first‐order parameter controlling whether an eruption will produce droplets or particles. We suggest that our experimental campaign yields the constraint necessary to make quantitative estimations of fine solid fraction from the observations of ejection velocity and approximate ejecta geometry.…”

“…The latter event has a mud heave associated with the late‐time behavior, described in Jolly et al . [] and Edwards et al . [].…”

“…The viscous‐to‐brittle transition is therefore defined simply. However, at larger driving pressures than tested here (Figure ) or than found at White Island's 2013 eruptive episode [ Jolly et al , ], we might expect higher ejection velocities [ Alatorre‐Ibargüengoitia et al , ] and higher strain rates in which case the inertia of the ejection could result in local brittle‐like behavior, especially at the concentrated end‐member of high ϕ . This is a regime that would be a worthy frontier for future research. However, at most bubbling or exploding mud lakes, the overpressure driving eruption, determined by infrasound measurements, is typically low (as shown at White Island) [ Jolly et al ., ].…”

“…For the sample ϕ = 1, a few droplets of water were added. Our P ‐ T conditions were selected to represent a minimum condition that would be consistent with the observations of the microeruptions of White Island and bubble‐burst events at the surface of the crater lake [ Jolly et al , ]. For the boiling of water in a fixed volume system such as this, see Montanaro et al [].…”