Infraspecific Variation and Alkaloids of Papaver Species

Phillipson, J. David

doi:10.1055/s-2007-969919

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The results of our recent investigations on sections Miltantha and Oxytona are the contributions to the review article published by J. D. Phillipson, who indicated the infraspecific variations in two sections of the genus Papaver [20].…”

confidence: 83%

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Biodiversity in the alkaloids of Turkish Papaver species

Sarıyar

2002

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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There are about 35 Papaver species growing in Turkey, which are grouped into eight sections, namely Argemonidium, Carinata, Glauca, Miltantha, Oxytona, Papaver, Pilosa, and Rhoeadium.As a result of our extensive work on the alkaloids of Turkish Papaver species the presence of several chemotypes has been shown. Among these chemotypes, medicinally important alkaloids such as noscapine (=narcotine), papaverine-and thebaine-containing samples have been found as new sources for the production of them.The infraspecific variation encountered within the Papaver species has been demonstrated mainly in two sections of the genus, Miltantha and Oxytona. The alkaloids of seven species (Papaver armeniacum, P. curviscapum, P. cylindricum, P. fugax, P. persicum, P. polychaetum, and P. triniifolium) of the section Miltantha have been studied, and the existence of chemical strains has been shown mainly in P. fugax, P. persicum, and P. triniifolium.Investigations on the species of the section Oxytona indicated that there is a relationship between the major alkaloid content and the chromosome numbers of the samples.Isolation of new secoberbine-type alkaloids as well as promorphinane-and morphinane-types has revealed the biosynthetic relationship between the alkaloids of Miltantha and Oxytona species. Chemical races are also known for species of Papaver within other sections of the genus.P. lateritium of Turkish origin from section Pilosa yielded some secoberbine and protoberberine types, whereas P. rhopalothece of the section Rhoeadium contained narcotine as a major alkaloid. Isolation of spirobenzylisoquinoline type from P. argemone (sect. Argemonidium) was the first report of the occurrence of this type in the Papaveraceae.

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confidence: 83%

“…With the exception of P. acrochaetum, the alkaloids of seven species have extensively been investigated [10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Tables 3 and 4 summarize the alkaloid content of the species with their types.…”

Section: Alkaloids From Section Miltanthamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity in the alkaloids of Turkish Papaver species

Sarıyar

2002

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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“…World requirements and the limited availability of codeine obtained directly from the poppy plant have made codeine production through stable-cell cultures of the genus Papaver an obvious target for exploitation. Papaver species produce a wide range of isoquinolines, sometimes with very high yields, and within individual species there is considerable intraspecific variation in alkaloid content (Phillipson 1983). The major producers of the morphinans are Papaver somniferum L. and Papaver bracteatum Lindl., but this group of alkaloids has also been obtained in low yields from P. fugax L., P. setigerum D.C., P. orientale L., and P. rhoeas L. (Phillipson 1983), and from herbarium material of P. acrochaetum Borm., P. caucasicum Bieb., P. cylindricum Cullen., P. gracile Boiss., and P. persicum Lind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro regeneration of Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum)

2010

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Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.) is an important commercial source of medicinal opiates and related compounds. In this research, calli were induced from seeds, roots, cotyledons and hypocotyls of P. bracteatum at a high efficiency. The optimized callus induction media consisted of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) basic media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.1 mg/L kinetin and 15 mg/L ascorbic acid. The concentrations of 2,4-D and ascorbic acid were found critical to callus induction and proliferation. Subsequent subcultures resulted in excellent callus proliferation. Ascorbic acid at concentration 15 mg/L increased the callus proliferation significantly. Maximum callus growth was achieved when the explants were incubated at 25• C. MS salts at full strength were found inhibitory for callus induction, while ľ MS salts were found to favor callus induction. Shoot regeneration of calli in vitro was achieved on ľ MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L benzylamine purine and 1.0 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid. Analysis of alkaloid extracts from Persian poppy tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that thebaine accumulated in the tissues of plants. The thebaine alkaloid profile of the Persian poppy is a well-defined model to evaluate the potential for metabolic engineering of thebaine production in P. bracteatum.

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“…Mature laticifers possess numerous isoquinoline alkaloid-rich (Fairbairn and Djote, 1970;Fairbairn et al, 1974;Rush et al, 1985) and membrane-bound vesicles that are derived from dilations of the endoplasmic reticulum (Nessler and Mahlberg, 1977, 1979. In addition to the phenanthrene alkaloids, which include the analgesics morphine and codeine, other important classes of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids found in opium poppy include the benzylisoquinolines, such as the vasodilator papaverine and the antispasmodic noscapine, and the benzophenanthri-dines, such as the antibiotic sanguinarine (Phillipson, 1983;Preininger, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phloem-Specific Expression of Tyrosine/Dopa Decarboxylase Genes and the Biosynthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids in Opium Poppy

Facchini¹,

Luca²

1995

The Plant Cell

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Tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase (TYDC) catalyzes the formation of tyramine and dopamine and represents the first steps in the biosynthesis of the large and diverse group of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids. Opium poppy accumulates morphine in aerial organs and roots, whereas sanguinarine, which is derived from a distinct branch pathway, accumulates only in roots. Expression of the TYDC gene family in opium poppy was investigated in relation to the organ-specific biosynthesis of these different types of alkaloids. Members of the TYDC gene family are classified into two groups (represented by TYDC1 and TYDC2) and are differentially expressed. In the mature plant, TYDC2-like transcripts are predominant in stems and are also present in roots, whereas TYDC1-like transcripts are abundant only in roots. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the expression of TYDC genes is developmentally regulated. TYDC transcripts are associated with vascular tissue in mature roots and stems but are also expressed in cortical tissues at earlier stages of development. Expression of TYDC genes is restricted to metaphloem and to protoxylem in the vascular bundles of mature aerial organs. Localization of TYDC transcripts in the phloem is consistent with the expected developmental origin of laticifers, which are specialized internal secretory cells that accompany vascular tissues in all organs of select species and that contain the alkaloid-rich latex in aerial organs. The differential expression of TYDC genes and the organ-dependent accumulation of different alkaloids suggest a coordinated regulation of specific alkaloid biosynthetic genes that are ultimately controlled by specific developmental programs.

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Infraspecific Variation and Alkaloids of Papaver Species

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Biodiversity in the alkaloids of Turkish Papaver species

Biodiversity in the alkaloids of Turkish Papaver species

In vitro regeneration of Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum)

Phloem-Specific Expression of Tyrosine/Dopa Decarboxylase Genes and the Biosynthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids in Opium Poppy

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