2001
DOI: 10.1007/s12130-001-1015-4
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Infrastructure flexibility created by standardized gateways: The cases of XML and the ISO container

Abstract: This article addresses the problem of entrenchment in large technical systems. It explores in what manner standardization could be used as a means to inscribe flexibility into infrastructures and focuses in particular on the role of standardized gateway technologies. Two cases are examined: the Extensible Markup Language (XML) for structured information exchange and the intermodal freight container, also known as the ISO container.The cases indicate that flexibility is a transient characteristic of gateway sta… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…In particular, the authors point to a critical stage in infrastructural innovation by what they term the "gateway phase", during which innovations are inevitably tied into networks of existing infrastructures. Gateways (e.g., technical plug adapters and software document format converters) allow heterogeneous and isolated information systems, or "modules", to facilitate information sharing and communication, while retaining the flexibility to rapidly co-evolve with a changing environment (Egyedi, 2001;Hanseth, 2001;Jackson et al, 2007). Gateways permit multiple systems to be adopted and used as if they were a single integrated system.…”
Section: Between Control and Cultivation Of Information Infrastructurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, the authors point to a critical stage in infrastructural innovation by what they term the "gateway phase", during which innovations are inevitably tied into networks of existing infrastructures. Gateways (e.g., technical plug adapters and software document format converters) allow heterogeneous and isolated information systems, or "modules", to facilitate information sharing and communication, while retaining the flexibility to rapidly co-evolve with a changing environment (Egyedi, 2001;Hanseth, 2001;Jackson et al, 2007). Gateways permit multiple systems to be adopted and used as if they were a single integrated system.…”
Section: Between Control and Cultivation Of Information Infrastructurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…With the exception of several studies in our literature analysis (Allen & Boynton, 1991;Bhatt, 2000;Ciborra & Hanseth, 1998;Duncan, 1995;Egyedi, 2001;Egyedi & Verwater-Lukszo, 2005;Hanseth, Monteiro, & Hatling, 1996), the role of standards in flexibility is almost completely ignored. The studies that deal with the topic of standards can be largely summarized by the following flexibility characteristics of standards (adapted from Egyedi & Verwater-Lukszo, 2005): degree of specificity, degree of functional inclusiveness, and system level addressed by standards 6 .…”
Section: The Relationship Between Standards and Flexibilitymentioning
confidence: 98%
“…In relation to the ways of achieving flexibility that we have discussed above, we have identified some correspondence with flexibility characteristics ( Another idea identified in the literature is that paradoxically both flexible and inflexible standards can increase flexibility (Egyedi, 2001). For example, TCP/IP protocol that Internet is based on is rather inflexible.…”
Section: The Relationship Between Standards and Flexibilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…To study standardization is to inspect the ways that local divergence from a desired norm is managed, integrated and/or eradicated; how workarounds and gateways (David and Bunn 1988;Egyedi 2001) can add flexibility to rigid standard implementations; and, how boundary work (Star and Griesemer 1989;Bietz and Lee 2009) can serve to translate and interlink difference while sustaining it. The papers in this issue show how adoption of standards allows participation in a more collective research practice.…”
Section: Themes Of Cyberinfrastructure Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%