Infusions of Minaxolone to Supplement Nitrous Oxide-Oxygen Anaesthesia. A Comparison With Althesin

Sear, J.W.; Prys‐Roberts, C.; Gray, A.J.G.; Walsh, Elyse; Curnow, John; Dye, J.

doi:10.1093/bja/53.4.339

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the continuous infusion study Sear et al (1981) noted no cumulation of drug over a 260 minute period. The plasma drug concentration-time curve on discontinuation of the infusion was best fitted to a 2-compartment model.…”

Section: Continuous Infusionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It causes minimal changes in cardiovascular dynamics. With induction doses of 0.5 mg/kg Sear et al (1981) noted a 20% decrease in systolic blood pressure, a 10% increase in heart rate, a 13% decrease in cardiac output, and a 17% decrease in stroke volume. Haemodynamic responses in hypertensive patients were similar to those in normotensive patients.…”

Section: Haemodynamic and Respiratory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Haemodynamic responses in hypertensive patients were similar to those in normotensive patients. Respiratory depression has Pharmacokinetics of Newer IV Anaesthetics been noted by numerous investigators and appears more pronounced with narcotic premedication (Aveling et al 1979;Davis et al 1979;McNeill et al 1979;Sear et al 1981).…”

Section: Haemodynamic and Respiratory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The pharmacokinetics of minaxolone has been studied following a single infusion (Dunn et al 1982) and following discontinuation of a continuous infusion (Sear et al 1981 ) …”

Section: Disposition Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Pharmacokinetics of the Newer Intravenous Anaesthetic Agents

Davis

Cook

1986

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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In the last 15 years the role of opioids in anaesthesia management has undergone dramatic change. Initially used as premedicants, or adjuvants to inhalation anaesthetic agents or as analgesics for postoperative pain relief, narcotics have now evolved into primary anaesthetic agents, primarily because of their ability to maintain cardiovascular stability especially in patients with compromised myocardial function. Sufentanil, alfentanil, and lofentanil are 3 new synthetic congeners of fentanyl. Sufentanil and alfentanil afford not only the haemodynamic stability but also the desirable anaesthetic properties of analgesia, and unconsciousness. Their major advantage lies in their pharmacokinetic behaviour; a rapid onset of action and short elimination half-life, allowing for greater flexibility in anaesthetic management. Sufentanil's pharmacokinetic profile is consistent with a 2-compartment model. Its elimination half-life is 149 minutes and its clearance is 11.3 ml/min/kg. Alfentanil's pharmacokinetic profile has been described by both 2- and 3-compartment models. Its distribution and redistribution are rapid, with an elimination half-life of 83 to 137 minutes and a clearance of 4.37 to 6.47 ml/min/kg in adult patients. Lofentanil, however, is an extremely long-acting narcotic analgesic. Presently, its use is justified only when prolonged mechanical ventilation is anticipated. Etomidate, a carboxylated imidazole, is rapidly distributed within a central compartment and then to peripheral compartments; its slow distribution and terminal elimination half-lives are 28 and 273 to 330 minutes, respectively, and its clearance (11.6 to 25 ml/min/kg) is equal to its hepatic plasma flow. Its ability to maintain cardiovascular stability in patients with compromised myocardial function make it a useful induction agent. However, reports of increased mortality and inhibition of steroidogenesis in patients receiving either single injections or constant infusions have created controversies regarding its use. Minaxolone is a water-soluble steroid whose pharmacokinetic profile is consistent with a 2-compartment model. Distribution is rapid with a mean half-life of 2.1 minutes and an elimination half-life of 47 minutes. There do not appear to be any cumulative effects. Plasma levels on recovery were similar in those patients receiving single bolus or continuous infusions. Midazolam and flunitrazepam are two new benzodiazepines. As a class of drugs, benzodiazepines provide the pharmacological properties of anxiolysis, sedation, hypnosis, muscle relaxation, amnesia and anticonvulsant activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Section: Continuous Infusionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Haemodynamic and Respiratory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Haemodynamic and Respiratory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The pharmacokinetics of minaxolone has been studied following a single infusion (Dunn et al 1982) and following discontinuation of a continuous infusion (Sear et al 1981 ) …”

Section: Disposition Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Pharmacokinetics of the Newer Intravenous Anaesthetic Agents

Davis

Cook

1986

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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“…Suggestions that the pronounced excitatory movements were a reflection of the epileptogenic activity seen in the Cynoolgus monkey were not substantiated in our comparative electroencephalographic studies using compressed spectral array analysis during infusions of minaxolone or Althesin. 6 If the high incidence (40-64%) of excitatory movements 7 was to have been the sole reason for the withdrawal of the drug, then it should be remembered that similar incidences were also seen with two other clinically accepted intravenous agents, methohexitone and etomidate, s.9.~~ Premedication with opiates or diazepam, or combination with nitrous oxide, attenuated these excitatory movements in the patients receiving minaxolone.…”

Section: Minaxolone Dear Sirmentioning

confidence: 98%