Ingested β-Carotene Enhances Glutathione Level and up-Regulates the Activity of Cysteine Cathepsin in Murine Splenocytes

Takeda, Saki; Bando, Noriko; Yamanishi, Rintaro

doi:10.1271/bbb.80102

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The redox effect of β‐carotene appears to vary depending on the type or strain of cultured cells examined. However, we recently showed that GSH synthesis was positively correlated with the accumulation of β‐carotene in splenocytes isolated from mice fed diet supplemented with various doses of β‐carotene 36.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β‐Carotene and β‐cryptoxanthin but not lutein evoke redox and immune changes in RAW264 murine macrophages

Katsuura

Imamura

Bando

et al. 2009

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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The mechanism of immunological benefits induced by carotenoids has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated some of the immunity-related properties of beta-carotene and two other carotenoids, beta-cryptoxanthin, and lutein, on the murine macrophages cell line RAW264. beta-Carotene added to the culture medium accumulated in the cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The accumulation was positively correlated with cellular lipid peroxidation, demonstrating the pro-oxidative activity of beta-carotene, and also with the synthesis of glutathione, an intracellular antioxidant. Conversely, accumulation of beta-carotene was negatively correlated with the transcription of immune-active molecules, such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-12 p40, in cells stimulated by LPS and INF-gamma. The transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 was more sensitive to the accumulation of beta-carotene than was IL-12 p40. The accumulation of beta-cryptoxanthin in cells resulted in effects similar to those of beta-carotene. However, lutein accumulated minimally and did not significantly affect the cells. These results demonstrate that beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin as well, can accumulate in RAW264 cells and induce changes in intracellular redox status, which in turn regulate the immune function of macrophages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β‐Carotene and β‐cryptoxanthin but not lutein evoke redox and immune changes in RAW264 murine macrophages

Katsuura

Imamura

Bando

et al. 2009

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…Tocopherols, tocotrienols, and carotenes in RPO are able to quench peroxyl radicals generated by t -BHP biotransformation by donating hydrogen from their phenolic hydroxyl group to the peroxyl radical thereby forming a stable radical species [113] and thus spare GSH and protect the cells from oxidative stress. RPO could also increase the biosynthesis of GSH because previous in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that α -tocopherol [114, 115] and β -carotene [116, 117] increased intracellular GSH levels by upregulating the mRNA expression of γ -GCS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and/or Red Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) Supplementation ontert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Oxidative Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Ajuwon

Katengua-Thamahane

Rooyen

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The possible protective effects of an aqueous rooibos extract (Aspalathus linearis), red palm oil (RPO) (Elaeis guineensis), or their combination on tert-butyl-hydroperoxide-(t-BHP-)induced oxidative hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats were investigated. tert-butyl hydroperoxide caused a significant (P < 0.05) elevation in conjugated dienes (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH : GSSG ratio, and induced varying changes in activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the blood and liver. This apparent oxidative injury was associated with histopathological changes in liver architecture and elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Supplementation with rooibos, RPO, or their combination significantly (P < 0.05) decreased CD and MDA levels in the liver and reduced serum level of ALT, AST, and LDH. Likewise, changes observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and impairment in redox status in the erythrocytes and liver were reversed. The observed protective effects when rooibos and RPO were supplemented concomitantly were neither additive nor synergistic. Our results suggested that rooibos and RPO, either supplemented alone or combined, are capable of alleviating t-BHP-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity, and the mechanism of this protection may involve inhibition of lipid peroxidation and modulation of antioxidants enzymes and glutathione status.

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“…Beneficial health effects other than vitamin A activity of β‐carotene and other carotenoids have been investigated. For example, we found that accumulation of β‐carotene (but not retinol) in murine splenocytes corresponded to the up‐regulation of cysteine–cathepsin activity accompanied by the increased intracellular level of reduced glutathione 33. We also reported that β‐carotene with α‐tocopherol suppressed ultraviolet‐A‐induced activity of matrix metallopeptidase‐9, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Ingested quercetin but not rutin increases accumulation of hepatic β‐carotene in BALB/c mice

Bando

Muraki

Murota

et al. 2010

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Beta-carotene is a carotenoid with a range of reported health benefits besides vitamin A activity. If the enzymatic conversion of beta-carotene to retinal is suppressed in the digestive tract, residual beta-carotene that reaches the tissues increases. We evaluated the function of quercetin and rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) to increase the accumulation of beta-carotene in vitro and in vivo in BALB/c mice. When the conversion of beta-carotene by a preparation of the murine small intestine was measured in vitro, the addition of quercetin or rutin considerably inhibited the conversion. When the levels of hepatic beta-carotene and retinoids were measured among three groups of mice fed a diet supplemented with beta-carotene plus quercetin or rutin or beta-carotene alone (four to six mice per group), quercetin increased the level of beta-carotene and decreased the level of retinol, whereas rutin did not. These results demonstrate that quercetin can suppress the conversion of beta-carotene which develops in the cytosol of small intestinal epithelial cells, and that rutin whose rutinose-moiety prevents being absorbed in the small intestine cannot suppress the conversion in vivo. This study offers a novel insight into the interaction between flavonoids and carotenoids with respect to the health benefits from the latter.

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Ingested β-Carotene Enhances Glutathione Level and up-Regulates the Activity of Cysteine Cathepsin in Murine Splenocytes

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

β‐Carotene and β‐cryptoxanthin but not lutein evoke redox and immune changes in RAW264 murine macrophages

β‐Carotene and β‐cryptoxanthin but not lutein evoke redox and immune changes in RAW264 murine macrophages

Protective Effects of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and/or Red Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) Supplementation ontert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Oxidative Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Ingested quercetin but not rutin increases accumulation of hepatic β‐carotene in BALB/c mice

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