Ingestion and emotional health

Dess, Nancy K.

doi:10.1007/bf02692188

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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confidence: 99%

Taste and emotionality in rats selectively bred for high versus low saccharin intake

Dess

Minor

1996

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Rats were selectively bred for high versus low saccharin ingestion, a putative measure of enhanced stress and emotionality (Dess, 1991). In Experiment 1, third-generation Occidental highsaccharin (HiS) and low-saccharin (LoS) rats were tested for saccharin ingestion and emotionality. The saccharin test confirmed that the lines differed on the selection phenotype. In addition, LoS rats were more emotional, as evidenced by longer emergence latencies and more defecation in a modified open-field test. In Experiment 2, LoS rats had lower quinine preference scores and drank saccharin-adulterated glucose less avidly. These outcomes are reminiscent of the behavior shown by inescapably shocked rats. Unlike helpless rats, however, LoS rats drank less avidly during a dilute sucrose test, an effect more reminiscent of chronic mild stress. The lines did not differ reliably on intake of concentrated glucose or Polycose, even when the latter was mixed with saccharin. In Experiment 3, LoS rats preferred saccharin less strongly than did HiS rats at concentrations of 0.05% to 0.7%and had an aversion to a 1.0% solution. In Experiment 4, LoS rats were affected more by shock, as assessed by stress-induced anorexia. These and other recent findings support the notion of shared mechanisms for taste, emotionality, and stress vulnerability.Ingestion interacts extensively with affective processes, such as fear and distress (Dess, 1991). For instance, exposure to intermittent electric shock alters the distribution of meals and eating rate in a manner suggestive of

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Taste and emotionality in rats selectively bred for high versus low saccharin intake

Dess

Minor

1996

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…These results have further implications for the helplessness model ofdepression, since they address the stressinduced body weight and ingestive changes that have been taken as further symptom parallels with human depression (Dess, 1991(Dess, , 1992Dess et aI., 1989;Dess, Raizer, et aI., 1988;Job & Barnes, 1995;Seligman, 1975;Wagner et aI., 1977;Weiss, 1968). The apparent endurance of the lower body weight in particular has been suggested to be greater than that of some other consequences of shock and has therefore been taken to have particular relevance to the criticism of the model that the effects ofthe stress session are transient, unlike the symptoms ofdepression that they are intended to model (Desan et aI., 1988;Willner, 1984Willner, , 1986.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The present results suggest a revision of Dess 's (1991) regulatory shift hypothesis (RSH). Dess (1991) advanced the RSH to account for stress-induced ingestive changes in terms of body energy regulation. Necessarily this also involves comment on body weight changes poststress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute shock on body weight are mediated by changes in food intake

Rickards

Job

Boakes

1997

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Weexamined the causal role of decreased food intake in the body weight pattern observed after exposure to intermittent footshock. In Experiment 1, relative to controls, shocked animals decreased food intake and lost weight in the 24-h test. An unshocked group whose food intake was yoked to the shocked group (food-yoked group) for the poststress period revealed that food intake was a sufficient cause of the body weight loss. In Experiment 2, after the first 24 h, the shock group recovered food intake and body weight gain but did not compensate for the initial losses. Body weights of food-yoked animals again indicated that food intake was a sufficient cause of these effects. The lowered body weight of shocked animals at the end of testing was due to a transient hypoingestion and a failure to subsequently show a compensatory hyperingestion. Dess's (1991) regulatory shift hypothesis is refined in the light of these findings, .Stressors, such as electric shock, immobilization, noise, and crowding, that decrease body weight or body weight gain in rats are also capable of inducing anorexia (Alario,

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“…Dess and Edelheit (1998) and Dess (1991;1993) hypothesized that individual differences in emotionality, as well as stress, should augment saccharin's bitter taste in humans. To test this hypothesis, they gave college students a set of unsolvable anagrams to work on while a startling noise was produced, which acted as a mild stressor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bitter truth: Sensitivity to saccharin's bitterness predicts overactivity in highly arousable female dieters

Craig

Hollis

Dess

2003

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: The interaction between taste sensitivity and emotionality in rats provides a provocative view of hyperactivity. Rats that have been bred selectively for their reactivity to saccharin exhibit characteristic emotionality. When placed on restrictive diets, these rats exhibit excessive activity levels, relative to rats that are not sensitive to saccharin. Because humans who are highly arousable (i.e., reactive to environmental stimuli) also exhibit an increase in sensitivity to saccharin's bitterness, the current study evaluated whether women who are highly arousable, currently dieting, and sensitive to saccharin's bitterness engage in excessive exercise. Method: Participants completed a questionnaire packet, which assessed emotionality, eating patterns, and exercise patterns. On another occasion, they completed a body contour drawings handout, and their weight and height were measured. They also rated saccharin's bitterness and sweetness following a stressful event. Results and Discussion: As hypothesized, sensitivity to saccharin's bitterness predicted overactivity in highly arousable female dieters, which reveals the multidimensionality of activity anorexia.

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Ingestion and emotional health

Cited by 42 publications

References 134 publications

Taste and emotionality in rats selectively bred for high versus low saccharin intake

Taste and emotionality in rats selectively bred for high versus low saccharin intake

Effects of acute shock on body weight are mediated by changes in food intake

The bitter truth: Sensitivity to saccharin's bitterness predicts overactivity in highly arousable female dieters

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