Ingestion of Vomitoxin (Deoxynivalenol)-Contaminated Wheat by Nonlactating Dairy Cows

Trenholm, H. L.; Thompson, B. K.; Martin, K.E.; Greenhalgh, R.; McAllister, A.J.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(85)80921-8

Cited by 44 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Therefore, the authors supposed the existence of DON in the maize. In agreement with these results, Trenholm et al (1985) noticed that feed intake was slightly reduced when naturally contaminated grain was added to the ration of non lactating cows. However, no clinical symptoms of illness could be observed that might be attributed to the DON concentration of 1.5 up to 6.4 mg/kg.…”

Section: Deoxynivalenolsupporting

confidence: 81%

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Seeling¹,

Dänicke²

2005

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) produced by Fusarium species are agriculturally important mycotoxins of relevance to livestock health. While ZON is known to cause oestrogenic syndromes in animals, a moderate ingestion of DON is associated with reduced performance and immune function. Among farm animals, ruminants appear to have a higher tolerance towards the effects of DON and ZON. As a consequence, feed producers may allocate cereals and roughages which appear contaminated with Fusarium toxins to ruminants. In combination with enhanced toxin concentrations during so-called Fusarium years, the possible effects in ruminants cannot be overlooked. However, only limited and inconsistent literature data are available about the effects of DON and ZON on ruminants. On the basis of the literature, the kinetics, biotransformation and carry over, as well as the effects of DON and ZON on ruminants, are reviewed. Furthermore, dosage and duration of toxin exposure as well as genetic and physiological factors of ruminants which could influence the variability of the toxin effects are considered and discussed. It is concluded that additional research is needed to study the effects of DON and ZON on ruminants, especially in lactating dairy cows.

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Section: Deoxynivalenolsupporting

confidence: 81%

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Seeling¹,

Dänicke²

2005

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…As an example, a decrease in intake and milk production was observed following the administration of 6 to 8 mg DON per kg of concentrate [89,93] whereas no decrease in these two factors was shown after the administration of up to 12 mg DON per kg of concentrate [6,10]. FB1 seems to only have an effect on daily food consumption since the addition of 148 mg of this toxin per kg of feed had no effect on weaned calves [56].…”

Section: Effects Of Mycotoxins On Feed Intake and Performance Of Dairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review

2002

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-Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites secreted by moulds, mostly belonging to the three genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. They are produced in cereal grains as well as forages before, during and after harvest, in various environmental conditions. Due to the diversity of their toxic effects and their synergetic properties, mycotoxins are considered as risky to the consumers of contaminated foods. Mycotoxin metabolism is complex and involves pathways of bioactivation and detoxification in both humans and animals. Detoxification occurs via biotransformation mediated by enzymes in the host cells and in the digestive microbial flora. Some of the toxins or their metabolites may become fixed in animal or human tissues. However, most are eliminated in the urine, faeces and milk. In animals, toxicity is generally revealed as chronic minor troubles and only rarely causes death. The presence of mycotoxins in feeds may decrease feed intake and affect animal performance. In addition, the possible presence of toxic residues in edible animal products (milk, meat, offal), may have some detrimental effects on human health. Maximum acceptable doses in feeds and milk have been set for certain mycotoxins by international authorities. The potential risks of mycotoxins may be controlled by checking plant material for fungal contamination, by improving methods of cultivation, harvest and storage, by eliminating or diluting toxins from the contaminated food or feeds, and by using adsorbents to reduce the bioavailability of toxins in the digestive tracts of animals. These measures will be assessed in the present paper. (0)4 73 63 46 59; e-mail: jouany@clermont.inra.fr présent dans le tube digestif. Certaines des toxines ou de leurs métabolites peuvent être fixés dans les tissus animaux ou humains. Cependant, la majorité est éliminée dans l'urine, dans les fèces et dans le lait. La toxicité se manifeste généralement sous forme de troubles chroniques difficiles à identifier, et rarement par la mort de l'animal. La présence de mycotoxines dans les aliments diminue la plupart du temps les quantités d'aliments ingérés ainsi que les performances zootechniques des animaux. La présence de résidus toxiques dans les produits animaux destinés à la consommation humaine (lait, viande, abats) constitue un risque potentiel qu'il est nécessaire d'évaluer pour mieux répondre à la demande sociétale de sécurité dans la chaîne alimentaire. Des doses acceptables devront être définies pour les toxines les plus dangereuses. En parallèle, des moyens de contrôle devront être mis en place pour vérifier l'innocuité des produits alimentaires mis sur le marché. Le risque potentiel des mycotoxines peut être diminué en évitant la contamination des plantes par les moisissures au moment de leur culture, de leur récolte et de leur conservation. Il est également possible de réduire la concentration en toxines des plantes contaminées par dilution avec des aliments sains et par des traitements appropriés, et (ou) de limiter la biodisponibilité des myc...

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“…Trenholm et al (1985) recorded a trend towards decreased grain consumption in cows fed a DONcontaminated ration (640 mg/kg in a grain mix). BWs of cows in the current experiment were unaffected by diet.…”

Section: Feed Intake and Changes In Bwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Charmley et al (1993) observed that 40 g/L fatcorrected milk tended to exhibit a quadratic response to DON concentration in the diet (0, 600 and 1200 mg/kg of DON in concentrate DM). Trenholm et al (1985) recorded a trend towards decreased grain consumption in cows fed a DON-contaminated ration (640 mg/kg in a grain mix). Korosteleva et al (2007) found that feeds naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins can affect the metabolic parameters and immunity of dairy cows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mycotoxin deactivator product supplementation on dairy cows

et al. 2012

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Abstract.A total mixed ration (TMR) containing a blend of feedstuffs naturally contaminated with harmful mycotoxins was fed for 84 days to 24 primiparous and multiparous Holstein-Friesian · local dairy cows in a randomised complete block design. The dietary treatments consisted of a contaminated TMR diet plus various levels of the mycotoxin deactivator product (MDP) (0, 15, 30 or 45 g/head.day). Deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), zearalenone (ZON) and ochratoxin A (OTA) were found in the TMR at levels up to 720, 701, 541 and 501 mg/kg, whereas aflatoxin B 1 (AfB 1 ) and T-2 toxin (T-2) were found in the TMR at levels of 38 and 270 mg/kg, respectively. Rumen microbial ecology, ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, ruminal microorganism populations, feed intake, total tract digestibility, milk yield, milk composition and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations were measured. The results revealed that the ruminal pH, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) concentration, total ruminal VFA concentrations and ruminal bacterial counts were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. Ruminal protozoal counts were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. DM intake, and digestibility of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. Serum IgA concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. Milk yield and milk protein were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in nonsupplemented cows. On the basis of this experiment, it can be concluded that milk production and feed intake can be increased with the addition of MDP to cow diet in the presence of mycotoxins. These increases were accompanied by decreases in the negative effects of mycotoxins on rumen and immune function.

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Ingestion of Vomitoxin (Deoxynivalenol)-Contaminated Wheat by Nonlactating Dairy Cows

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review

Effect of mycotoxin deactivator product supplementation on dairy cows

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