Inguinoscrotal swellings in childhood: a clinico-diagnostic approach to differential diagnosis

Abstract

Background: Inguinoscrotal diseases are one of the commonest group of disorders seen in clinical surgical practice. A wide range of swellings are seen in this region in children and includes hydrocele, torsion testis, ectopic testis, lymphadenopathy, inguinal hernias, cysts, epididymitis, orchitis, tumors etc. Vigilant clinical and radiological evaluation of inguinoscrotum for varying diseases helps in proper diagnosis and surgical management of its differential diagnosis.Methods: The present study was conducted as an observational study over a period of 10 months and enrolled a total of 50 patients.Results: In this study, 31 cases had hydrocele, 14 cases had inguinal hernia, 2 cases had epididymorchitis, 2 cases had lymphadenopathy and one case had idiopathic scrotal edema. Individual diseases had varying presentations, clinical findings and post-operative findings.Conclusions: There is a varying broad spectrum of swellings in the inguinoscrotal region in young male children. It was concluded that proper clinical and radiological evaluation of the patient helps to timely diagnose the disease and hence help in identifying correct approach to the management of the case.

Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Directly Detecting Serum-Derived Exosomes and Monitoring Their Secretion

“…64,65 Although it was known that cisplatin could affect exosome release under non-cytotoxic doses, there has been few quantitative studies on the magnitude of the exosome excretion, which is very important for the drug usage of patients. 64,66 Here, for a quantitative study to assess the effect of the anti-cancer drug, we used the developed biosensor to detect exosome secretion changes for PC-3 cells treated with cisplatin, the first FDA-approved platinum compound for cancer treatment. First, we challenged the biosensor for the direct detection of exosomes in a cell culture supernatant without purification.…”

A Single-Center Study on Clinico-Radiological Evaluation of Inguino-Scrotal or Labial Swellings Presenting to a Tertiary Care Set-Up in Central India

“…Ultrasound proves to be a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying subclinical varicosities that may not be apparent during a clinical examination. It also facilitates the assessment of testicular volume, considering the debated association between varicoceles and impaired spermatogenesis, leading to oligozoospermia and infertility [ 16 ]. Furthermore, ultrasound assists in evaluating the kidneys to detect any renal tumours contributing to varicocele development.…”

“…The preferred method for assessing metastases is CECT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Wani et al [ 16 ] conducted a study on inguinoscrotal swellings in children, reporting hydrocele as the predominant diagnosis in 31 patients, followed by an inguinal hernia in 14 cases. Vinoth et al [ 17 ] reported a case of unusual inguino-labial swellings in an adult female, highlighting the significance of radiological evaluation in atypical inguino-scrotal/labial swellings.…”