Inhalant use and suicidality among incarcerated youth

Freedenthal, Stacey; Vaughn, Michael G.; Jenson, Jeffrey M.; Howard, Matthew O.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.021

Cited by 59 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Furthermore, the use of a single omnibus inhalant-assessment question may have underestimated the actual level of inhalant use and may have captured a heterogeneous group of inhalant users that included respondents (e.g., nitrite users) who are not considered inhalant users under the current DSM-IV nosology. Rates of nitrite use, however, are very low nationally, and current fi ndings are consistent with recent reports documenting high levels of psychiatric (Wu and Howard, 2007) and substance-use disorders, suicidal ideation and attempts (Freedenthal et al, 2007), and other deleterious health and social conditions in inhalant users and persons with IUDs.…”

Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 89%

Inhalant Use, Inhalant-Use Disorders, and Antisocial Behavior: Findings From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)

Howard¹,

Perron²,

Vaughn³

et al. 2010

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:Few studies have explored the topography of antisocial behavior in a nationally representative sample of inhalant users. We examined (a) the lifetime prevalence of 20 childhood and adult antisocial behaviors in inhalant users with inhalant-use disorders (IUD+) and without IUDs (IUD−); (b) the nature and strength of associations between inhalant use, IUDs, and specifi c antisocial behaviors in multivariate analyses; and (c) the relationships between inhalant use, IUDs, and antisocial behaviors in a national sample of adults with antisocial personality disorder. Method: The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions was a multistage national survey of 43,093 U.S. residents. Respondents completed a structured psychiatric interview. Results: IUD+ and IUD− respondents were signifi cantly younger and more likely to be unemployed, to be male, to have never married, and to report family and personal histories of alcohol and drug problems than inhalant nonusers. Family histories of alcohol problems and personal histories of drug problems were signifi cantly more prevalent among IUD+ respondents, compared with IUD− respondents. In bivariate analyses, IUD+ and IUD− respondents evidenced signifi cantly higher lifetime levels of all childhood and adult antisocial behaviors than inhalant nonusers. IUD+ respondents were signifi cantly more likely than their IUD− counterparts to report bullying behavior, starting physical fi ghts, using dangerous weapons, physical cruelty to people, staying out all night without permission, running away, and frequent truancy in childhood, as well as greater deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability/aggressiveness, recklessness, and irresponsibility in adulthood. Multivariate analyses indicated that IUD+ respondents had a signifi cantly elevated risk for childhood and adult antisocial behaviors, compared with inhalant nonusers, with the strongest effects for using dangerous weapons, physical cruelty to animals, and physical cruelty to people. Similarly, IUD+ respondents differed signifi cantly from their IUD− counterparts primarily across measures of interpersonal violence. Among persons with antisocial personality disorder, inhalant use and IUDs were associated with greater antisocial behavior, albeit with fewer and weaker effects. Conclusions: Respondents with IUDs had pervasively elevated levels of antisocial conduct, including diverse forms of early-onset and interpersonally violent behavior. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 71,

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Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 89%

Inhalant Use, Inhalant-Use Disorders, and Antisocial Behavior: Findings From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)

Howard¹,

Perron²,

Vaughn³

et al. 2010

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

Self Cite

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“…However, self-reported data have been used in multiple epidemiologic studies of drug use and have proven to be reliable and valid. [9][10][11]14 Second, the crosssectional design limits the inferences that can be made with respect to the establishment of a causal association between xylazine use and its health consequences. For example, xylazine by itself may not be the only contributor to skin lesions and overdose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging of Xylazine as a New Drug of Abuse and its Health Consequences among Drug Users in Puerto Rico

et al. 2012

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During the last decade, the veterinary anesthetics have gained popularity as recreational drugs. The aim of this study was to document the use of "anestecia de caballo" (xylazine) and its consequences among drug users in Puerto Rico. The study combined a cross-sectional survey with 89 drug users and two focus groups conducted in Mayagüez with frontline drug treatment providers. Drug users were recruited from communities of the San Juan metropolitan area using a variety of ethnographic and outreach strategies. A short questionnaire developed for the study collected information on sociodemographics, xylazine use, and its consequences. The two focus groups were conducted to discuss the details related to xylazine use, its consequences, and utilization awareness. The sample comprised 63 males (70.8%) and 26 females with a mean age of 37.2 years. The mean number of years of drug use was 14.3, with a mean frequency of drug use of 5.9 times daily. More than 65% reported speedball as the principal drug of use. The prevalence of xylazine use was 80.7%. More than 42% of the sample used xylazine in a mixture with speedball. The main route of administration of xylazine was injection but 14% reported the use of xylazine by inhalation. More than 35% of the sample reported skin lesions and 21.1% reported at least one overdose episode. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that males (OR=3.47, CI=1.10-12.00) and those who reported speedball as their main drug of use (OR=9.34, CI=2.51-34.70) were significantly more likely to be xylazine users. Focus groups revealed that drug users claimed to recognize the presence of xylaxine in a mixture of speedball based on its effects, taste, the color of the drug (dark brown), and its odor. In conclusion, the use of xylazine among drug users in Puerto Rico seems to be an emerging trend with potentially serious health consequences.

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“…Similarly, rates of suicidal behaviors (ideation, plan and attempt) also tend to be higher among incarcerated adolescents than general population adolescents [5], [6]. Among U.S. adolescents in juvenile detention facilities, the estimates of the lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation range from 22.0% to 58.3% and of a lifetime suicide attempt range from 11.0% to 33.0% [5], [7], [8], [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors for suicide and suicidal behaviors in incarcerated adolescents include: mental disorders (borderline personality disorder traits; affective disorders; substance use disorders; posttraumatic stress disorder; anxiety; social phobia; and attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder) [3], [5], [7], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18, [19]; female gender [5], [6], [8]; race [11], [20]; impulsivity [10], [13]; anger [14], [17]; a tendency to act out [18], [21]; younger age [5]; and perceived negative parenting [16]. Adolescents in juvenile detention often have higher rates of risk factors for suicide including substance abuse, mental disorders, trauma, and stressful life events than the general population youths [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Retrospective Study to Determine Their Impact on Adult Health Behaviours and Health Outcomes in a UK Population

2015

The Societal Burden of Child Abuse

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of multiple adverse life experiences (sexual abuse, homelessness, running away, and substance abuse in the family) on suicide ideation and suicide attempt among adolescents at an urban juvenile detention facility in the United States. Materials and Methods:The study sample included a total of 3,156 adolescents processed at a juvenile detention facility in an urban area in Ohio between 2003 and 2007. The participants, interacting anonymously with a voice enabled computer, self-administered a questionnaire with 100 items related to health risk behaviors.Results: Overall 19.0% reported ever having thought about suicide (suicide ideation) and 11.9% reported ever having attempted suicide (suicide attempt). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis those reporting sexual abuse (Odds Ratio = 2.75; 95% confidence interval = 2.08-3.63) and homelessness (1.51; 1.17-1.94) were associated with increased odds of suicide ideation, while sexual abuse (3.01; 2.22-4.08), homelessness (1.49; 1.12-1.98), and running away from home (1.38; 1.06-1.81) were associated with increased odds of a suicide attempt. Those experiencing all four adverse events were 7.81 times more likely (2.41-25.37) to report having ever attempted suicide than those who experienced none of the adverse events.Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of adverse life experiences and their association with suicidal behaviors in detained adolescents, these factors should not only be included in the suicide screening tools at the intake and during detention, but should also be used for the intervention programming for suicide prevention.

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Inhalant use and suicidality among incarcerated youth

Cited by 59 publications

References 37 publications

Inhalant Use, Inhalant-Use Disorders, and Antisocial Behavior: Findings From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)

Inhalant Use, Inhalant-Use Disorders, and Antisocial Behavior: Findings From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)

The Emerging of Xylazine as a New Drug of Abuse and its Health Consequences among Drug Users in Puerto Rico

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Retrospective Study to Determine Their Impact on Adult Health Behaviours and Health Outcomes in a UK Population

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