Inhalation Anthrax

Brachman, Philip S.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18910.x

Cited by 198 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although none of the study subjects had anthrax or a history of receiving an anthrax vaccine all had low but detectable levels of anti-PA IgG prior to vaccination with AVA, confirming previous reports [18]. These antibodies were likely induced by cross-reactive antigens of non-anthrax bacilli or non-pathogenic Clostridia [19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Serum IgG antibody response to the protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis induced by anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) among U.S. military personnel

Singer

Schneerson

Bautista

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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The seroconversion rates and geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of IgG anti-PA for stored sera from U.S. military personnel immunized 3, 4, and 6 times with the U.S. licensed anthrax vaccine adsorbed were studied. Anti-PA IgG concentrations were measured by ELISA. All 246 vaccinees had low but detectable pre-immunization anti-PA IgG (GMC 1.83μg/mL). Three doses elicited a GMC of 60 μg/mL and a seroconversion rate of 85.3%, four doses elicited a GMC of 157 μg/mL and 67.9% and the sixth of 277 μg/mL and 45.5% respectively. The forth dose elicited 100% seroconversion compared to the pre-immunization level. These results should facilitate comparison between different immunization schedules and new vaccines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Serum IgG antibody response to the protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis induced by anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) among U.S. military personnel

Singer

Schneerson

Bautista

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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“…It occurs under natural circumstances in three forms: cutaneous, accounting for 95% of human cases; and gastrointestinal [2] or inhalational [3,4], which occurs only rarely. In recent years, there has been a heightened concern of the use of B. anthracis as a bioterrorist or biowarfare agent, in part due to the revelation that 1raq produced and * Research was conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and other Federal statutes and regulations relating to animals and experiments involving animals and adheres to principles stated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Research Council, 1996.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhesus monkeys are considered the best model of inhalational anthrax in humans [3,. The disease induced by respiratory exposure to spores is a rapidly fatal illness, death occurring between the second and seventh days postexposure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro correlate of immunity in a rabbit model of inhalational anthrax

Pitt

Little

Ivins

et al. 2001

Vaccine

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“…Furthermore, we present a statistical method to analyse such time-series data where infection events are occurring amid inoculation events. Experimental data to inform a time-dependent dose -response model are extremely rare, but there are data from a 1966 study on inhalation anthrax in monkeys that incorporates varying exposure patterns and time to death data [5]. Even though this study was not specifically designed to study varying risk by exposure patterns, our analysis provides direction for more informative future dose-response experiments that will incorporate time-dependent dosing patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic dose–response model to account for exposure patterns in risk assessment: a case study in inhalation anthrax

Mayer

Koopman

Ionides

et al. 2010

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The most commonly used dose -response models implicitly assume that accumulation of dose is a time-independent process where each pathogen has a fixed risk of initiating infection. Immune particle neutralization of pathogens, however, may create strong time dependence; i.e. temporally clustered pathogens have a better chance of overwhelming the immune particles than pathogen exposures that occur at lower levels for longer periods of time. In environmental transmission systems, we expect different routes of transmission to elicit different dose-timing patterns and thus potentially different realizations of risk. We present a dose -response model that captures time dependence in a manner that incorporates the dynamics of initial immune response. We then demonstrate the parameter estimation of our model in a dose -response survival analysis using empirical time-series data of inhalational anthrax in monkeys in which we find slight dose-timing effects. Future dose-response experiments should include varying the time pattern of exposure in addition to varying the total doses delivered. Ultimately, the dynamic dose-response paradigm presented here will improve modelling of environmental transmission systems where different systems have different time patterns of exposure.

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Inhalation Anthrax

Cited by 198 publications

References 11 publications

Serum IgG antibody response to the protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis induced by anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) among U.S. military personnel

Serum IgG antibody response to the protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis induced by anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) among U.S. military personnel

In vitro correlate of immunity in a rabbit model of inhalational anthrax

A dynamic dose–response model to account for exposure patterns in risk assessment: a case study in inhalation anthrax

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