Inhalation exposures due to radon and thoron (222Rn and 220Rn): Do they differ in high and normal background radiation areas in India?

Mishra, Rosaline; Sapra, B.K.; Prajith, R.; Rout, R.P.; Jalaluddin, S.; Mayya, Y. S.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.05.028

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Even though Neendakara-Chavara region has very high terrestrial radioactivity due to the presence of monazite sand, the indoor radon thoron levels are less as compared to the present study. This result is in agreement with the discussion by Mishra and Sapra in the BARC newsletter [ 9 ]. Here they argue that even though the HNBRA of Kerala experiences 10 times more external gamma effective doses, the inhalation doses due to indoor radon and thoron concentrations are similar to the Normal Background Radiation Areas (NBRA).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Inhalation Dose and Source Term Studies in a Tribal Area of Wayanad, Kerala, India

Bhaskaran

Damodaran

Kumar

et al. 2017

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Among radiation exposure pathways to human beings, inhalation dose is the most prominent one. Radon, thoron, and their progeny contribute more than 50 per cent to the annual effective dose due to natural radioactivity. South west coast of India is classified as a High Natural Background Radioactivity Area and large scale data on natural radioactivity and dosimetry are available from these coastal regions including the Neendakara-Chavara belt in the south of Kerala. However, similar studies and reports from the northern part of Kerala are scarce. The present study involves the data collection and analysis of radon, thoron, and progeny concentration in the Wayanad district of Kerala. The radon concentration was found to be within a range of 12–378 Bq/m3. The thoron concentration varied from 15 to 621 Bq/m3. Progeny concentration of radon and thoron and the diurnal variation of radon were also studied. In order to assess source term, wall and floor exhalation studies have been done for the houses showing elevated concentration of radon and thoron. The average values of radon, thoron, and their progeny are found to be above the Indian average as well as the average values reported from the High Natural Background Radioactivity Areas of Kerala. Exhalation studies of the soil samples collected from the vicinity of the houses show that radon mass exhalation rate varied from below detectable limit (BDL) to a maximum of 80 mBq/kg/h. The thoron surface exhalation rate ranged from BDL to 17470 Bq/m2/h.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Only recently the contribution of thoron to the radiation dose has been recognised [ 4 – 7 ]. The south west coast of India is very well studied in terms of both terrestrial radioactivity and the radon and thoron concentrations [ 8 , 9 ]. However studies in the northern part of Kerala, especially the Malabar region, are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation Dose and Source Term Studies in a Tribal Area of Wayanad, Kerala, India

Bhaskaran

Damodaran

Kumar

et al. 2017

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…Although a difference was found between the present and previous studies, the thoron equilibrium factor is comparable. The arithmetic mean of the thoron equilibrium factor was 0.06±0.04 (range: 0.005-0.29, figure 8), while it was 0.07±0.04 (range: 0.03-0.2) for Mayya et al [19] and 0.07±0.04 for Mishra et al [20]. No correlation was found between radon and thoron concentrations or between thoron and thoron progeny concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Mayya et al [19] reported a maximum value of 3.32 Bq m −3 for the EETC in Panmana. The recent survey by Mishra et al [20] revealed that the average thoron progeny concentration was 0.60±0.13 Bq m −3 . Although a difference was found between the present and previous studies, the thoron equilibrium factor is comparable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mayya et al [19] also measured radon and thoron progeny concentrations and evaluated the inhalation dose for inhabitants in about 200 dwellings in Alappad, Chavara, and Neendakara. The recent radon-thoron progeny survey by Mishra et al [20] covered 442 dwellings in HBRAs (Alappad, Chavara, Neendakara, and Panmana) and 15 dwellings in a CA (Oachira).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation dose due to radon and thoron progeny inhalation in high-level natural radiation areas of Kerala, India

Omori

Tokonami

Sahoo³

et al. 2016

J. Radiol. Prot.

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In order to evaluate internal exposure to radon and thoron, concentrations for radon, thoron, and thoron progeny were measured for 259 dwellings located in high background radiation areas (HBRAs, outdoor external dose: 3-5 mGy y) and low background radiation areas (control areas, outdoor external dose: 1 mGy y) in Karunagappally Taluk, Kerala, India. The measurements were conducted using passive-type radon-thoron detectors and thoron progeny detectors over two six-month measurement periods from June 2010 to June 2011. The results showed no major differences in radon and thoron progeny concentrations between the HBRAs and the control areas. The geometric mean of the annual effective dose due to radon and thoron was calculated as 0.10 and 0.44 mSv, respectively. The doses were small, but not negligible compared with the external dose in the two areas.

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Radon Inhalation Dose Monitoring

Sahoo,

Mishra,

Khan

et al. 2024

Handbook on Radiation Environment, Volume 2

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Inhalation exposures due to radon and thoron (222Rn and 220Rn): Do they differ in high and normal background radiation areas in India?

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Inhalation Dose and Source Term Studies in a Tribal Area of Wayanad, Kerala, India

Inhalation Dose and Source Term Studies in a Tribal Area of Wayanad, Kerala, India

Radiation dose due to radon and thoron progeny inhalation in high-level natural radiation areas of Kerala, India

Radon Inhalation Dose Monitoring

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