Inhalation Toxicity of Vanadium

Functional role of inorganic trace elements in angiogenesis part III: (Ti, Li, Ce, As, Hg, Va, Nb and Pb)

“…The major exposure route of vanadium (mainly in the form of VO 2 C (vanadyl, V(IV)) or HVO 4 2− (vanadate, V(V)) is ingestion [127]. Vanadate can scavenge free radicals [128], and in the diabetic heart vanadate administration is associated with a decrease in oxidative damage [129].…”

Exposure to bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) increases levels of hepcidin mRNA and impairs the homeostasis of iron but not that of manganese

“…The appearance of oxidative stress is associated with an inflammatory response. Vanadium exposure has been related with cytokine production (Dye et al, 1999), inflammatory changes in the upper and lower respiratory tracts (Pierce et al, 1996;Cohen et al, 2010) and lung tumours (Assem and Levy, 2012). However, other authors have suggested that V may mediate the inhibition of different forms of cancer (Das et al, 2012).…”

Vanadium: Risks and possible benefits in the light of a comprehensive overview of its pharmacotoxicological mechanisms and multi-applications with a summary of further research trends

“…One of the compounds of this metal, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), which contains V at the highest oxidation state +5, has been reported to easily reach the alveolar surface, subsequently enter circulation directly, and diffuse in the entire organism inducing diverse injuries [9]. The risk of poisoning with the pentavalent V form is constantly growing due to its extensive release into the environment by metallurgical industry, chemical plants, oil refineries, and coal and mazut-fired heating plants [8,9,45,81]. Moreover, relatively high pollution of the environment with V2O5 is also caused by dust derived from the combustion of liquid and solid fuels J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f as well as municipal waste [10,81], resulting in an increased risk of exposure of anyone who lives near such areas.…”

“…8) include gastrointestinal disorders, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight reduction, and green-black tongue. In turn, the symptoms of exposure to this metal through inhalation (illustrated in the same Figure) include rhinitis, chest pain, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, bradycardia, cough, dyspnoea, bronchial asthma, headache, dizziness, conjunctivitis, blurred vision, apathy, and depression [9,31,81,[84][85][86].…”