Inhalation Toxicity Study of Methanol, Toluene, and Methanol/Toluene Mixtures in Rats: Effects of 28-Day Exposure

Poon, Raymond; Chu, Ih; Bjarnason, Stephen; Potvin, Marc; Vincent, Renaud; Miller, Richard B.; Valli, V. E.

doi:10.1177/074823379401000310

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous findings where rats survived 4 week exposure to 2500-3000 ppm of methanol (Poon et al, 1994a(Poon et al, , 1995, 4 week exposure to 5000 ppm (Andrews et al, 1987), and 12 months exposure to 1000 ppm (NEDO, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In the present study, the severity and incidence of changes are the highest in the low dose animals. Such treatment-related but not dose-related effects on the nasal passages were also observed in rats following short-term exposure to vapours of methanol, toluene, and methanol/toluene (Poon et al, 1994a). It is interesting to note that the control and high dose recovery animals also had high incidence of mild mucous cell metaplasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The lack of changes in liver drug metabolizing enzyme activities, serum biochemistries, and hematolgical parameters is not surprising because methanol vapour had not been found to cause these changes (NEDO, 1987;Poon et al, 1994aPoon et al, , 1995. In a recent study, Allis et al (1996) showed that a single 7-hour exposure to 10,000 ppm methanol caused increase in hepatic pnitrophenyl hydroxylase activity but not in PROD or EROD activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Inhalation Toxicity of Methanol/Gasoline in Rats: Effects of 13-Week Exposure

et al. 1998

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The subchronic inhalation toxicity of a methanol/gasoline blend (85% methanol, 15% gasoline, v/v) was studied in rats. Sprague Dawley rats (10 animals per group) of both sexes were exposed to vapours of methanol/gasoline at 50/3, 500/30 and 5000/300ppm for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 13 weeks. Control animals inhaled filtered room air only. Control recovery and high dose recovery groups were also included which inhaled room air for an extra 4 weeks following the treatment period. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in the treatment group and their growth curves were not significantly different from the control. Except for decreased forelimb grip strength in high dose females, no treatment-related neurobehavioural effects (4-6 hours post inhalation) were observed using screening tests which included cage-side observations, righting reflex, open field activities, and forelimb and hindlimb grip strength. At necropsy, the organ to body weight ratios for the liver, spleen, testes, thymus and lungs were not significantly different from the control group. There were no treatment-related effects in the hematological endpoints and no elevation in serum formate levels. Minimal serum biochemical changes were observed with the only treatment-related change being the decreased creatinine in the females. A dose-related increase in urinary ascorbic acid was detected in males after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of exposure, but not after the 12th week, and in females only at week-2. Increased urinary albumin was observed in treated males starting at the lowest dose and at all exposure periods, but not in females. A treatment-related increase in urinary beta 2-microglobulin was detected in males at week-2 only. Except for mild to moderate mucous cell metaplasia in nasal septum B, which occurred more often and with a slightly higher degree of severity in the low dose groups of both sexes, and presence of a minimal degree of interstitial lymphocyte infiltration in the prostate glands in the high dose males. No other significant microscopic changes were observed in the tissues of treated animals. Based on the marked increase in urinary ascorbic acid and albumin in the high dose males and the decreased forelimb grip strength in the high dose females, we concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of methanol/gasoline vapour is 500/30 ppm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Inhalation Toxicity of Methanol/Gasoline in Rats: Effects of 13-Week Exposure

et al. 1998

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“…For some of these molecules -PCBs in particular -it was shown that these hearing losses were related to the induction of hypothyroidism (Goldey and Crofton, 1998;Crofton et al, 2000a). Other organic solvents with a benzene ring (toluene, styrene, benzene, trichloroethylene) also have ototoxic effects (Jaspers et al, 1993;Crofton et al, 1994;Cappaert et al, 2000) and affect thyroid function (Kuczynska-Sekieta and Rudnicka, 1966;Poon et al, 1994;Wingren and Axelson, 1997) but a link between ototoxicity and effects on thyroid function has never been demonstrated in the adult rat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hexachlorobenzene, a dioxin-like compound, disrupts auditory function in rat

et al. 2004

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“…While this auditory impairment was recorded in laboratory animals at high toluene exposures as compared to permissible exposure levels (205), Liu and Fechter (206) demonstrated that the toxic effect in cochlear cells can be observed in vitro at toluene concentrations that are more realistic for human occupational exposure. Finally, effects on the thyroid gland (mild reduction of follide size) have been reported after toluene inhalation in female rats (207).…”

Section: Alkylbenzenes: Toluene and Xylenementioning

confidence: 95%

Potential Health Effects of Gasoline and Its Constituents: A Review of Current Literature (1990-1997) on Toxicological Data

Caprino¹,

Togna²

1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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We reviewed toxicological studies, both experimental and epidemiological, that appeared in international literature in the period 1990-1997 and induded both leaded and unleaded gasolines as well as their components and additives. The aim of this overview was to select, arrange, and present references of scientific papers published during the period under consideration and to summarize the data in order to give a comprehensive picture ofthe results of toxicological studies performed in laboratory animals (induding carcinogenic, teratogenic, or embryotoxic activity), mutagenicity and genotoxic aspects in mammalian and bacterial systems, and epidemiological results obtained in humans in relation to gasoline exposure. This paper draws attention to the inherent difficulties in assessing with precision any potential adverse effects on health, that is, the risk of possible damage to man and his environment from gasoline. The difficulty of risk assessment still exists despite the fact that the studies examined are definitely more technically valid than those of earlier years. The uncertainty in overall risk determination from gasoline exposure also derives from the conflicting results of different studies, from the lack of a correct scientific approach in some studies, from the variable characteristics ofthe different gasoline mixtures, and from the difficulties of correcdy handling potentially confounding variables related to lifestyle (e.g., cigarette smoking, drug use) or to preeisting pathological conditions. In this respect, this paper highlights the need for accurately assessing the condusive explanations reported in scientific papers so as to avoid the spread of inaccurate or misleading information on gasoline toxidty in nonscientific papers and in mass-media messages.

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Inhalation Toxicity Study of Methanol, Toluene, and Methanol/Toluene Mixtures in Rats: Effects of 28-Day Exposure

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Inhalation Toxicity of Methanol/Gasoline in Rats: Effects of 13-Week Exposure

Inhalation Toxicity of Methanol/Gasoline in Rats: Effects of 13-Week Exposure

Hexachlorobenzene, a dioxin-like compound, disrupts auditory function in rat

Potential Health Effects of Gasoline and Its Constituents: A Review of Current Literature (1990-1997) on Toxicological Data

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