Inhale, exhale: Why particulate matter exposure in animal models are so acute? Data and facts behind the history

Abstract

We present a dataset obtained by extracting information from an extensive literature search of toxicological experiments using mice and rat animal models to study the effects of exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM). Our dataset covers results reported from 75 research articles considering paper published in 2017 and seminal papers from previous years. The compiled data and normalization were processed with an equation based on a PM dosimetry model. This equation allows the comparison of different toxicological experiments using instillation and inhalation as PM exposure protocols with respect to inhalation rates, concentrations and PM exposure doses of the toxicological experiments performed by different protocols using instillation and inhalation PM as exposure methods. This data complements the discussions and interpretations presented in the research article “Inhale, exhale: why particulate matter exposure in animal models are so acute?” Curbani et al., 2019.

Surfactin attenuates particulate matter‐induced COX‐2‐dependent PGE2 production in human gingival fibroblasts by inhibiting TLR2 and TLR4/MyD88/NADPH oxidase/ROS/PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway

“…Moreover, it can be implicitly assumed that the high dose over short-term exposure may be equivalent to the prolonged accumulation of low dose in certain circumstances. 47 Our results suggest that exposure to PM may result in significantly higher expression of COX-2 in mice gingival tissues as compared to sham operation. Intriguingly, the inhibition of upstream regulators of COX-2, including ROS, NADPH oxidase, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB, can attenuate the overexpression of COX-2 in response to PM in vivo.…”

“…However, it requires expensive exposure chamber and advanced technical experiences. 47 Alternatively, our study employed the non-physiological route in which mice were daily injected 20 μl PM suspension (8 mg/ml) into the gingiva around the molar regions bilaterally for three consecutive days. This is a major methodological limitation in this study as our exposure is not realistic simulation of PM exposure that occurs in real-world situations.…”

Organ-on-a-Chip: Opportunities for Assessing the Toxicity of Particulate Matter

“…Although animals can inhale PM and develop comprehensive systemic outcomes, there is often a large difference between mechanistic and genetic indicator data and clinical outcomes. This is primarily due to differences among species and their physiological functions, such as differences in respiratory rate between experimental mice and humans (Curbani et al, 2019), as well as the problems of genetics, low throughput, high cost, and ethical concerns.…”

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response During Particulate Matter Exposure in Mouse Lungs

“…This can cause bronchial inflammation, leading to lung function impairment, which is characterized by decreased tidal volume and increased breathing frequency, depending on exercise intensity. However, despite the availability of well-documented studies on the adverse effects of PM exposure, there is limited understanding of the effects of exercise-induced PM hyperventilation on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, due to the lack of relevant in vivo experimental models (Giles and Koehle, 2014;Curbani et al, 2019b). Moreover, most studies used the intranasal instillation protocol for PM exposure in an in vivo model; however, a higher concentration of PM was administered to murine models with this method compared to the physiological range of PM encountered daily (Curbani et al, 2019a).…”