Inherent Behavior of Electrode Materials of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

For independency from the fossil fuels and to save environment, we need to move toward the green energies, which requires better energy storage devices, especially for usage in electric vehicles. Li‐ion and beyond‐lithium insertion batteries are promising to this aim. However, they suffer from some inherent limitations which must be understood to allow their development and pave the way to find suitable energy storage alternatives. It is found that each positive or negative electrode material (cathode or anode) of the intercalation batteries has its own behavioral (charge‐discharge) properties. The modification of preparation parameters (composition, loading density, porosity, particle size, etc.) may improve some aspects of the electrode performance, but cannot change the intrinsic property of the electrode itself. Accordingly, these properties are called as the “inherent behavior characteristics” of the active material. It is concluded that the behavior of a specific electrode substance, even following different preparation routes, depends only on diffusion mechanisms. This work shows that the inherent electrode properties can be visualized by representation of current density vs. capacity.

Origin of electrochemical voltage range and voltage profile of insertion electrodes

“…via particle-by-particle or concurrent mechanisms etc. 11 , 21 , 29 , 86 , 94 . After all, the proposed approach suggests that (at least) all transition metals within the electrode body are in the same state at each SOC.…”

“…In fact, the alignment of Fermi levels is the quantum mechanical equivalent of the classical conservation of energy. As a matter of fact, this paper unifies our previous two branches of investigation fields (based on modeling 21,[27][28][29] and theoretical DFT approaches 26,30,31 ).…”