Inheritance and fitness cost of laboratory-selected resistance to Vip3Aa in <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Carrière, Yves; Degain, Ben; Unnithan, Gopalan C.; Tabashnik, Bruce E.

doi:10.1093/jee/toad145

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In another study, Carrière et al reported that a laboratory-selected Vip3Aa resistant strain of H. zea displayed autosomal and almost completely recessive resistance to Vip3Aa protein. 37 These results suggest that autosomal recessive inheritance of Vip3Aa resistance may be a common occurrence in H. zea populations, which has significant implications for insect resistance management (IRM). The current highdose refuge IRM strategy for Bt crops relies on the assumption that resistance to Bt proteins in target insects is recessive, resulting in elimination of heterozygotes by high-dose Bt plants, thereby delaying the evolution of insect resistance to Bt crops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Diverse genetic basis of Vip3Aa resistance in five independent field‐derived strains of Helicoverpa zea in the US

Yang,

Head,

Kerns

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDPractical resistance of Helicoverpa zea to Cry proteins has become widespread in the US, making Vip3Aa the only effective Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein for controlling this pest. Understanding the genetic basis of Vip3Aa resistance in H. zea is essential in sustaining the long‐term efficacy of Vip3Aa. The objectives of this study were to characterize the inheritance of Vip3Aa resistance in four distinct field‐derived H. zea strains (M1‐RR, AC4‐RR, R2‐RR and R15‐RR), and to test for shared genetic basis among these strains and a previously characterized Texas resistant strain (LT#70‐RR).RESULTSMaternal effects and sex linkage were absent, and the effective dominance level (DML) was 0.0 across Vip3Aa39 concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 31.6 μg cm−2, in all H. zea resistant strains. Mendelian monogenic model tests indicated that Vip3Aa resistance in each of the four strains was controlled by a single gene. However, interstrain complementation tests indicated that three distinct genetic loci are involved in Vip3Aa resistance in the five resistant H. zea strains: one shared by M1‐RR and LT#70‐RR; another shared by R2‐RR and R15‐RR; and a distinct one for AC4‐RR.CONCLUSIONResults of this study indicate that Vip3Aa resistance in all H. zea strains was controlled by a single, recessive and autosomal gene. However, there were three distinct genetic loci associated with Vip3Aa resistance in the five resistant H. zea strains. The information generated from this study is valuable for exploring mechanisms of Vip3Aa resistance, monitoring the evolution of Vip3Aa resistance, and devising effective strategies for managing Vip3Aa resistance in H. zea. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Diverse genetic basis of Vip3Aa resistance in five independent field‐derived strains of Helicoverpa zea in the US

Yang,

Head,

Kerns

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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“…Therefore, the presentation of the novel research results, combined with an individual perspective of the area, could add interesting features to the presented studies. Plant genetic modification by synthetic promoters is pivotal for introducing metabolic switches, and for enabling the development of novel, more efficient, or stress-resistant crop variants with outstanding characteristics or an increased biosynthesis rate of valuable metabolites [1,4,5,9,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global climate change has elevated the role of sustainable agriculture; there is a growing demand for novel plant genotypes or genetically modified plants with increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses or secondary metabolite production [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This can be enabled by the expression of foreign genes that increase resistance to insects, herbicides as glyphosate, or by facilitating biosynthesis, such as carotenes or astaxanthin in rice [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Synthetic Promoters

Szymczyk,

Majewska

2024

Applied Sciences

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This article examines the structure and functions of the plant synthetic promoters frequently used to precisely regulate complex regulatory routes. It details the composition of native promoters and their interacting proteins to provide a better understanding of the tasks associated with synthetic promoter development. The production of synthetic promoters is performed by relatively small libraries produced generally by basic molecular or genetic engineering methods such as cis-element shuffling or domain swapping. The article also describes the preparation of large-scale libraries supported by synthetic DNA fragments, directed evolution, and machine or deep-learning methodologies. The broader application of novel, synthetic promoters reduces the prevalence of homology-based gene silencing or improves the stability of transgenes. A particularly interesting group of synthetic promoters are bidirectional forms, which can enable the expression of up to eight genes by one regulatory element. The introduction and controlled expression of several genes after one transgenic event strongly decreases the frequency of such problems as complex segregation patterns and the random integration of multiple transgenes. These complications are commonly observed during the transgenic crop development enabled by traditional, multistep transformation using genetic constructs containing a single gene. As previously tested DNA promoter fragments demonstrate low complexity and homology, their abundance can be increased by using orthogonal expression systems composed of synthetic promoters and trans-factors that do not occur in nature or arise from different species. Their structure, functions, and applications are rendered in the article. Among them are presented orthogonal systems based on transcription activator-like effectors (dTALEs), synthetic dTALE activated promoters (STAPs) and dCas9-dependent artificial trans-factors (ATFs). Synthetic plant promoters are valuable tools for providing precise spatiotemporal regulation and introducing logic gates into the complex genetic traits that are important for basic research studies and their application in crop plant development. Precisely regulated metabolic routes are less prone to undesirable feedback regulation and energy waste, thus improving the efficiency of transgenic crops.

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“…However, up to now, there is no evidence to link those proteins with resistance to Vip3Aa selected in the laboratory or field. Although a number of Vip3Aa-resistant insect colonies have been established and the genetic of Vip3Aa resistance have been well characterized (12,13,17,18,20,30), the genetic basis associated with Vip3Aa resistance for those cases have not been reported. Recently, downregulation of a transcription factor, SfMyb, was reported to be associated with resistance to Vip3Aa in S. frugiperda (31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrotransposon-mediated variation of a chitin synthase gene confers insect resistance toBacillus thuringiensisVip3Aa toxin

Liu,

Liao,

Zou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) crops expressing Vip3Aa are highly efficacious in controlling major lepidopteran pests and delaying evolution of pest resistance. Although practical resistance to Vip3Aa in the field has not been reported, to proactively manage the pest resistance, there is an urgent need to better understand the genetic basis of resistance to Vip3Aa. This is particularly important for the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), one of the most destructive pests around the world, which has evolved practical resistance toBtcrystal (Cry) toxins. Here, a highly Vip3Aa-resistant (resistance ratio: 5,562-fold) strain ofS. frugiperdawas selected in the laboratory. Results from bulked segregant analysis, fine-scale mapping, and genetic linkage analysis indicate that a mutation in the midgut-specific chitin synthase gene,SfCHS2, is strongly associated with high-level resistance to Vip3Aa. The resistance is ascribed to the transcriptional variation caused by retrotransposon insertion. The same variation ofSfCHS2was also detected in a field population. Importantly, knockout ofSfCHS2via CRISPR/Cas9 in susceptibleS. frugiperdaconfers its complete resistance (>10,000-fold) to Vip3Aa. Also, we demonstrate that knockout ofCHS2can result in complete resistance to Vip3Aa in additional lepidopteran species, suggesting a general role of this gene in Vip3Aa resistance among lepidopteran pests. These results reported here would contribute to monitor and management of pest resistance to Vip3Aa.

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Inheritance and fitness cost of laboratory-selected resistance to Vip3Aa in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 66 publications

Diverse genetic basis of Vip3Aa resistance in five independent field‐derived strains of Helicoverpa zea in the US

Diverse genetic basis of Vip3Aa resistance in five independent field‐derived strains of Helicoverpa zea in the US

Plant Synthetic Promoters

Retrotransposon-mediated variation of a chitin synthase gene confers insect resistance toBacillus thuringiensisVip3Aa toxin

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