Inheritance and geographical distribution of phenol reaction-less varieties of barley

Takeda, Kazuyoshi; Chang, Cheng

doi:10.1007/bf00023861

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In conclusion, on the basis of the classification of β‐amylase types, cultivated barley could be divided into five major types from five respective centers of origin in the world: A‐II type barley center was in East Asia, B‐I type center was in North Europe, B‐Ia type center was in the Middle East and Southwest Asia, B‐II type barley was spread from Turkey, and the C‐II type center was in Ethiopia. This result is consistent with the geographical differentiations of various traits which have been investigated in barley, including morphological and physiological characteristics (Takahashi, 1955, 1987), phenol reaction (Takeda and Chang, 1996), and diazinon sensitivity (Takeda, 1996). The newly observed rare β‐amylase phenotypes provide us with new resources for improving the fermentability of malting barley.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Differentiation of β‐Amylase Phenotypes in Cultivated Barley

Zhang

Kaneko²,

Ishii

et al. 2004

Crop Science

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β‐Amylase types coded by the Bmy1 locus were investigated by analyzing the thermostability and isoelectric focusing (IEF) patterns in 8270 accessions of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from different regions of the world. The β‐amylase types were classified into three main thermostability types (A, high; B, medium; C, low) and three major IEF patterns (I, Ia, and II) together with several rare mutant types. By combined analysis of the thermostability types and IEF patterns, we found 14 β‐amylase phenotypes. Among them, A‐II, B‐I, B‐Ia, B‐II, and C‐II were confirmed to be the major types comprising more than 99% of cultivated barley, and accessions belonging to types A‐Ia, A‐IIa, C‐I, C‐Ia, and C‐IV were reported here for the first time. We also confirmed a clear geographical differentiation of β‐amylase phenotypes: In East Asia, nearly 90% of the accessions were of the A‐II type, while 97% of the Ethiopian accessions were of the C‐II type. The B‐I type accessions were mostly restricted to the former USSR and Europe. In Nepal, Bhutan, India, and Pakistan, 90% of the B type accessions were of the B‐Ia type. The B‐II type barley seems to have originated in Turkey and then mainly spread to North Africa, Europe, and the former USSR.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Differentiation of β‐Amylase Phenotypes in Cultivated Barley

Zhang

Kaneko²,

Ishii

et al. 2004

Crop Science

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“…An underestimate, based on 177 of the 193 articles, would be 36 851 samples of accessions and material collected in the field. This includes several examples in which entire collections (Greene and Pederson, 1996) or very large samples ( Takeda and Chang, 1996; Tillman et al, 1996) were used. In the majority of the studies (77.5%), material was provided by a center in the same country as at least one of the author institutions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extent of Use of Plant Genetic Resources in Research—A Literature Survey

Dudnik¹,

Thormann²,

Hodgkin³

2001

Crop Science

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Our aim was to assess the level of use of conserved plant genetic resources (PGR) in crop genetic research. To do this, we analyzed in detail the reports from four internationally recognized journals published in 1996. These journals were Crop Science, Euphytica, Plant Breeding, and Theoretical and Applied Genetics Our results indicate that about 23% of the articles published in these journals reported work conducted with material that originated in an ex situ PGR collection or was collected directly in the field. We also analyzed our results to determine the range of species and research topics involved, the sources of materials used, and the users of PGR for research. Of the material used, 80% was accessed from ex situ germplasm collections housed in genebanks in 27 countries and seven centers of the CGIAR. The rest of the studies utilized material gathered directly in the field. Almost all work was produced at national research centers and universities; very little work from private industry was published in the journals covered. Just under 20% of the institutions represented by authors were located in developing countries. Work published involved 112 species and included assessments of genetic diversity among accessions (42% of the studies), studies of the inheritance of biotic stress resistance (29%), taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses (16%), as well as cytologic, molecular and conservation research. Our research demonstrates a significant use of conserved material in research.

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“…Fifty-one barley accessions of negative phenol reaction in awns (Takeda and Chang, 1996) were obtained from Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Japan and used for allelic diversity studies of PPO genes. For gene expression analyses, an isogenic line of the Bowman barley cultivar carrying the naked caryopsis gene (hereafter designated as nud -Bowman) was used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duplicate polyphenol oxidase genes on barley chromosome 2H and their functional differentiation in the phenol reaction of spikes and grains

Taketa

Matsuki

Amano

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are copper-containing metalloenzymes encoded in the nucleus and transported into the plastids. Reportedly, PPOs cause time-dependent discoloration (browning) of end-products of wheat and barley, which impairs their appearance quality. For this study, two barley PPO homologues were amplified using PCR with a primer pair designed in the copper binding domains of the wheat PPO genes. The full-lengths of the respective PPO genes were cloned using a BAC library, inverse-PCR, and 3′-RACE. Linkage analysis showed that the polymorphisms in PPO1 and PPO2 co-segregated with the phenol reaction phenotype of awns. Subsequent RT-PCR experiments showed that PPO1 was expressed in hulls and awns, and that PPO2 was expressed in the caryopses. Allelic variation of PPO1 and PPO2 was analysed in 51 barley accessions with the negative phenol reaction of awns. In PPO1, amino acid substitutions of five types affecting functionally important motif(s) or C-terminal region(s) were identified in 40 of the 51 accessions tested. In PPO2, only one mutant allele with a precocious stop codon resulting from an 8 bp insertion in the first exon was found in three of the 51 accessions tested. These observations demonstrate that PPO1 is the major determinant controlling the phenol reaction of awns. Comparisons of PPO1 single mutants and the PPO1PPO2 double mutant indicate that PPO2 controls the phenol reaction in the crease on the ventral side of caryopses. An insertion of a hAT-family transposon in the promoter region of PPO2 may be responsible for different expression patterns of the duplicate PPO genes in barley.

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Inheritance and geographical distribution of phenol reaction-less varieties of barley

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Differentiation of β‐Amylase Phenotypes in Cultivated Barley

Differentiation of β‐Amylase Phenotypes in Cultivated Barley

The Extent of Use of Plant Genetic Resources in Research—A Literature Survey

Duplicate polyphenol oxidase genes on barley chromosome 2H and their functional differentiation in the phenol reaction of spikes and grains

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