Inheritance of bovine dwarfism and the detection of heterozygotes

Gregory, P. W.; Roubicek, C. B.; Carroll, F. D.; Stratton, P. O.; Hilston, N. W.

doi:10.3733/hilg.v22n13p407

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The other major external characteristics of typical snorter dwarfs have been described by previous workers (Gregory, Roubicek, Carroll, Stratton & Hilston, 1953;Pahnish, Stanley, Safley & Roubicek, 1955;Arthaud, Koch & Arthaud, 1957). Buchanan, Bolin, Burnham & Eveleth (1956) have shown that skeletal abnormalities are a result of at least two different independent syndromes.…”

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confidence: 66%

Morphological and physio-chemical studies on dwarf Herefords

1959

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Thirty-six Hereford dwarfs, ‘comprest’, dwarf-like, and eight controls were available. Body and skin measurements were taken and the types of head abnormalities and cardiovascular activities were recorded. Haematological tests and chemical analysis of blood and hair were carried out.Typical dwarfs showed characteristic head abnormalities with varying degrees either at birth or later in life, possibly as a result of different stages of development at which the defective gene(s) comes into operation. There were progressive changes (qualitative and quantitative) in the expression of dwarf characteristics. Typical dwarfs were chronic bloaters, with pot-shaped belly or with normal belly. Atypical dwarfs were either stunted, showing (miscellaneous) deleterious genes or ‘comprest’ types. The daily live-weight gain of typical dwarfs ranged from 0·71 to 1·69 with an average of 1·26 lb. (controls 1·72 lb.). Body, head, and limb indices in typical dwarfs are similar to those of the ‘comprest’ and the control animals at comparable weights. Volume index was higher in the control than in the typical dwarfs. In the bloater dwarfs the width of the body at the shoulder region was considerably narrower. Skins of the typical dwarfs were thinner. The bloater dwarfs showed a diurnal bloat cycle (in relation to feeding time) as judged by body circumference. The severity of bloat was irregular.There was no significant difference between typical dwarfs and control animals in rectal temperature, pulse rate, blood, specific gravity, prothrombin time, sedimentation rate, red cell count, electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins, serum creatine and creatinine and calcium/phosphorus ratio in hair samples. Typical dwarfs had slower respiration rate, lower blood haemoglobin, haematocrit, and white blood count than did the controls. Post-mortem examination of dwarfs did not show similar causes of death in each case. The heart of the dwarfs was spheroid, showing severe dilation in most cases.

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confidence: 66%

Morphological and physio-chemical studies on dwarf Herefords

1959

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“…Bovine dwarfism is complex and occurs in a variety of a etiological and phenotypic forms: brachycephalic "snorter" type, dolichocephalic "long-headed'' type, intermediate types (combination of the previous two), and compressed with just smaller than normal body size (GREGORY et al, 1951(GREGORY et al, , 1953STRINGAM, 1958;JULIAN et al, 1959;B R U~R E , 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Short-headed, long-headed and Telemark dwarfs have been reported to be inherited as a single autosomal recessive UOHNSON et al, 1950;BOVARD and HAZEL, 1963;MARLOWE, 1964;BRUBRE, 1969;WEAVER, 1975; JONES and JOLLY, 1 9 8 2 ; J u~~ et al, 1985). The Dexter, compressed and compact mutants (considered to be dominants) are part of a complex from more than one locus and appear to be related to the recessive types (GREGORY, 1955;GREGORY et al, 1951GREGORY et al, , 1953GREGORY et al, , 1966GREGORY et al, , 1967. Disagreement exists that "snorter" type dwarfs may be caused by lysosomal enzyme deficiencies leading to excretion of mucopolysaccharides in urine, as in Hurler's syndrome in man LORINCZ, 1960LORINCZ, , 1961HURST and LORINCZ, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Dwarfism: Clinical, Biochemical, Radiological and Pathological Aspects

Jayo

Leipold

et al. 1987

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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A total of 27 clinically diagnosed bovine dwarfs were submitted as part of a continuous investigation into the frequency, nature, and cause of congenital defects in cattle. The dwarfs varied in age, sex, breed, and phenotypic appearance. Haematological, enzymological and karyotype findings were not significantly different from normal calves. Macroscopic findings were variable. Four calves had small or cystic pituitary glands and were suspected to be pituitary-type dwarfs. One had chronic renal disease and elevated plasma somatomedin-C levels and was considered a renal-type dwarf. Two calves had thymic lymphosarcoma, which could account for thymic-associated dwarfism. Four calves had chronic debilitating diseases (one mesothelioma, two pleuropneumonia, and one omental bursitis) which could explain the abnormal growth. Reasons for dwarfism in the other 14 calves were not determined.Histological, biochemical, and radiological evidence, and the possible inheritance pattern in two "bulldog" type Holstein dwarfs indicated a similarity to human achondrogenesis type I1 dwarfism and so this condition might be a good model for human chondrodystrophy.

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