Inheritance of Ddt-Resistance Involving The Y-Chromosome in the Housefly (Musoa Domestioa L.)

Kerr, R. W.

doi:10.1071/bi9610605

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For some reason, the XX, males had higher fitness than the XY males, and the Y chromosome was selected against'. This process could have been accelerated by the widespread use of insecticides against houseflies during the last 30-40 years, since it is now possible to interpret most of the observations regarding association between DDT-resistance and sex in the housefly (Milani & Franco, 1959a, 19596;Kerr, 1960Kerr, , 1961Milani, 1962) as the consequence of linkage between M and insecticide resistance genes. Milani (1969) indicated that the association of Mill with a DDT-resistance gene kdr-o would facilitate the fixing of the male factor by DDT-selection, particularly since the presence of F would allow homozygosity of M III and kdr-o in both sexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Since 1958, cases of sex-limited inheritance, interpreted a posteriori as due to autosomal sex-determinants, have been described in several strains of houseflies of non-European origin (Sullivan, 1958;Milani & Franco, 1959a;Kerr, 1960Kerr, ,1961 M II, JUT III, M V, F, Australian laboratory strain (Wagoner, 1969); Mil, Australian DDT-resistant laboratory strains (Kerr, 1970); Mill, North American field populations (McDonald et al 1975); M III, F, Japanese field populations Fukumori, 1977, 1978); FIV, compound laboratory strain (North American-Australian), (McDonald et al 1978); Ml, Mil, Mill, F, Fijian field population (Hiroyoshi & Inoue, 1979); M I, MII, M III, M V, Japanese field populations (Tsukamoto, Shono & Horio, 1980). In Europe only two autosomal sex-determinants have been reported: M III, Czeck DDT-resistant laboratory strains (Rupes & Pinterova, 1975); F (probably polygenic), North Italian field population (Rubini, van Heemert & Franco, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-determinants and their distribution in various populations ofMusca domesticaL. of Western Europe

1982

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The distribution of sex-determinants in field populations of Musca domestica domestica L. was studied in 62 samples of flies collected at 53 sites (animal farms) between 1975 and 1981 in an area stretching North-South from Denmark (-(-Iceland) to Sicily.Karyological observations and genetic analyses demonstrated the existence of three types of population along a latitudinal cline. Populations of Northern Europe were of the standard type (XX females and XY males) with the Y chromosome determining sex. Those of Central and Southern Italy from sites below 100 m.a.s.l. (metres above sea level) were autosomal (XX females and males), sex in them being determined by autosomal sex-determinants for both femaleness and maleness. In the large intermediate zone the populations were mixed and had several karyotypes in both sexes. In this zone an altitudinal gradient was also observed, with autosomal determinants less common at higher altitudes. Genetic tests showed, in the autosomal and in the mixed populations, the presence of two autosomal male factors: Mill, the most common, on autosome III and Mil, on autosome II.The gradient in sex determinants found in flies of Western Europe appears to be a dynamic phenomenon of relatively recent origin. Both climatic influence and selective pressure with insecticides have probably contributed towards the micro-evolution of populations with different sex-determinants in the houseflies of the area studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-determinants and their distribution in various populations ofMusca domesticaL. of Western Europe

1982

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“…There are no comparable data for British populations, but we have evidence that X m is less frequent in the north than in the south (to be published). At present there is no substantive evidence that non-standard sex determinants play a role in resistance since reports of an association between M factors and resistance genes (Kerr, 1961(Kerr, , 1970Milani, 1962;Rupes & Pinterova, 1975) can also be attributed to tight linkage or drift. comm.…”

Section: Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a male determinant on the X chromosome of housefly (Musca domestica L.) populations in South-East England

et al. 1983

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Houseflies collected from eight pig-breeding farms were used to investigate the nature of sex determinants in fly populations of South-East England. Earlier observations had shown that their sex determination mechanism was not of the standard (XX females, XY males) type.Most flies of both sexes were XX; the male determining Y chromosome of standard populations was rare. Test-crosses to females of standard multimarked strains and crosses using aneuploid (OX) flies identified two dominant male determinants, one on autosome 3 (M III) and another on the X chromosome (X m ), and provided the first demonstration in this species of an active involvement of the X chromosome in sex determination. A small secondary constriction on X appeared to indicate reliably the presence of X m . Most individuals in field populations were X m homozygotes, implying the presence of an unlocated female determinant F,f epistatic to X m and Jf III.M III was less common and differed in frequency between samples. Its increased frequency in a strain selected in the laboratory with the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin might be due either to genetic drift, or to linkage between M III and a gene on autosome 3 that confers resistance to pyrethroids in houseflies.

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“…Originally the 'standard' heterogametic mechanism involving a male determining Y chromosome was thought to prevail; isolated reports of linkage between sex determinants and autosomal genes (Milani & Franco, 1959;Kerr, 1961;Sullivan, 1961;Hiroyoshi, 1964;Milani, Rubini & Franco, 1967;Wagoner, 1969) were generally considered atypical of the species as a whole. However, discoveries in several parts of the world of 'nonstandard' mechanisms involving dominant autosomal or A'-linked male determinants (M factors) and sometimes a female determinant (F* factor) (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical variation in house-fly (Musca domesticaL.) sex determinants within the British Isles

et al. 1986

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Genetic and cytological analyses of house-flies collected from 12 pig-breeding farms throughout the British Isles demonstrated that the non-standard sex determination mechanism prevailing in South-East England, involving a dominant female determinant (F) and virtual homozygosity for a male determinant on the X chromosome (X m , both males and females morphologically XX), was not typical of the country as a whole. Instead there was a gradual decrease in the frequency of F, X m and a rarer male determinant M III, and a concomitant increase in the standard male determining Y chromosome, on moving north, east and west of this region. Only the Scottish and probably the Irish populations were fully standard {XX females XY males), although one from the East Anglian coast in which non-standard determinants were rare was predominantly of this type. Populations from intermediate areas possessed complex multifactorial mechanisms in which Y, F X m and M III coexisted. It is hypothesized that this radial cline in sex determinants, like the latitudinal cline known from mainland Europe, represents a transient polymorphism caused by the recent and continuing invasion of non-standard determinants into originally standard populations. The cause(s) of this apparently rapid evolutionary change, however, remain unclear. 2-2* X™ is used here to denote both the AMinked male determinant and an X chromosome that bears it. X denotes a standard X chromosome lacking X m .

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Inheritance of Ddt-Resistance Involving The Y-Chromosome in the Housefly (Musoa Domestioa L.)

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Sex-determinants and their distribution in various populations ofMusca domesticaL. of Western Europe

Sex-determinants and their distribution in various populations ofMusca domesticaL. of Western Europe

Identification of a male determinant on the X chromosome of housefly (Musca domestica L.) populations in South-East England

Geographical variation in house-fly (Musca domesticaL.) sex determinants within the British Isles

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