Inheritance of resistance in eastern black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) to acetolactate synthase inhibitors

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to determine the inheritance of resistance in a Wisconsin accession of eastern black nightshade to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. ALS-inhibitor–susceptible (S) and ALS-inhibitor–resistant (R) plants were crossed (S × R), and inheritance was characterized in F1 and F2 generations. Inheritance was characterized further in progeny of reciprocal crosses (R × S) and backcrosses (BCs) (S × F1 and R × F1). In dose–response experiments, three- to four-leaved F1 plants were intermediate in response to imazethapyr compared with parent R and S plants. The imazethapyr ED50 value (the effective dose that reduced shoot dry biomass by 50% compared with nontreated plants) was 99.6 ± 13.6, 32.5 ± 8.9, 24.5 ± 3.3, and 0.6 ± 0.1 g ae ha−1 for R, F1 (R × S), F1 (S × R), and S plants, respectively. Similarly, the response of in vivo ALS activity in F1 plants to imazethapyr was intermediate compared with that of parent R and S plants. To differentiate among phenotypes in F2 generations and in BC generations, the response of three- to four-leaved plants to imazethapyr applied in a single dose was scored 21 d after treatment as R (no imazethapyr symptomology), S (total plant necrosis), or intermediate (I, severely stunted plants with chlorotic and twisted leaves at the apical meristem). R, I, and S phenotypes segregated in a 1:2:1 ratio in the F2 generation. S and I phenotypes segregated in a 1:1 ratio in progeny from F1 BCs to the S parent. Similarly, R and I phenotypes segregated in a 1:1 ratio in progeny from BCs to the R parent. Eastern black nightshade resistance to ALS inhibitors is associated with a single, nuclear, incompletely dominant allele, which codes for an insensitive form of the target ALS enzyme.

Tandem constructs to mitigate transgene persistence: tobacco as a model

“…4). This is not always the case; Volenberg & Stoltenberg (2002) found semidominant inheritance of AHAS resistance in field‐evolved resistant populations of Solanum nigrum .…”

Inheritance of sulfonylurea resistance in Monochoria vaginalis

“…, 1990), Beta vulgaris L. (Hart et al. , 1993) and S. ptycanthum (Volenberg & Stoltenberg, 2002) showed semidominant nature at the high ALS‐inhibiting herbicide doses more than three times the recommended field dose. However, in this study, resistance to SU herbicide in M. vaginalis was recessive at a concentration of 225 g a.i.…”

“…Mallory‐Smith et al. , 1990; Boutsalis & Powles, 1995; Volenberg & Stoltenberg, 2002) or complete dominance (e.g. Mourad et al.…”

“…(Volenberg et al. , 2001) and Solanum ptycanthum L. (Volenberg & Stoltenberg, 2002). The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of SU resistance in M. vaginalis .…”

Inheritance of herbicide resistance in two germplasm lines of Clearfield* rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…Inheritance of herbicide-resistant genes from induced mutation varies. A single, nuclear gene encoding for a incomplete dominant trait has been reported in a number of herbicide-resistant plants, including maize, tobacco, Arabidopsis, black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), sugarbeet, prickly lettuce (Lactuca scariola L.), annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), and common wheat (Challef and Ray 1984;Sathasivan et al 1990Sathasivan et al , 1991Newhouse et al 1991;Newhouse et al 1992;Boutsalis and Powles 1995;Wright and Penner 1998b;Mallory-Smith et al 1999;Volenberg and Stoltenberg 2002). The case of a single dominant nuclear gene has also been reported in herbicide-resistant Arabidopsis, kochia (Kochia scoparia.…”