Inheritance of Resistance to Aspergillus Ear Rot and Aflatoxin in Corn Genotypes

Campbell, K. W.

doi:10.1094/phyto-85-886

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Previous research to better determine the genetic basis of tolerance to, or inhibition of, aflatoxin production has established that tolerance is quantitatively inherited, with low broad-sense heritabilities, additive gene effects generally more important than dominance gene effects (Campbell and White 1995b;Campbell et al 1997;Hamblin and White 2000) and general combining ability (GCA) effects are usually more important than specific combining ability (SCA) effects (Zuber et al 1978;Widstrom et al 1984;Gardner et al 1987;Gorman et al 1992;Naidoo et al 2002). Significant genotype environment interactions have been reported in most genetic studies on aflatoxin production in corn (Payne 1992;Brown et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B73 was used as the other parent of the mapping populations because it is historically important in hybrid corn production in the US Midwest and many current commercial inbreds are related to B73. Notably, B73 is relatively intermediate in the level of resistance to aflatoxin and not highly susceptible (Campbell et al 1993;Campbell and White 1995b;Naidoo et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative trait loci for low aflatoxin production in two related maize populations

et al. 2003

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Aflatoxin B(1) formed by Aspergillus flavus Fr:Link has been associated with animal disease and liver cancer in humans. We performed genetic studies in progenies derived from maize inbred Tex6, associated with relatively low levels of aflatoxin production, crossed with the historically important inbred B73. (Tex6 x B73) x B73 BC(1)S(1) and Tex6 x B73 F(2:3) mapping populations were produced and evaluated in 1996 and 1997 in Champaign, Ill. Ears were inoculated 20 to 24 days after midsilk using a pinboard method and a mixture of conidia of A. flavus Link:Fr. isolates. Aflatoxin B(1) levels in harvested ears were determined using an indirect competitive ELISA. Molecular markers were assayed on the populations and used to generate maps. Molecular marker - QTL associations for lower levels of aflatoxin production were determined using multiple regression (MR) and composite interval analysis with multiple regression (CIM MR). MR revealed sets of markers associated with lower aflatoxin production in 1996 and 1997, and CIM MR detected a smaller subset of loci significant in 1997. QTLs for lower aflatoxin were attributed to both Tex6 and B73 parental sources. Environment strongly influenced the detection of QTLs for lower aflatoxin production in different years. There were very few chromosome regions associated with QTLs in more than 1 year or population with MR analysis, and none with CIM MR analysis. In 1997, QTLs for lower aflatoxin were detected with CIM MR in bins 5.01-2 and 5.04-5 in the BC(1)S(1) population, and in bins 3.05-6, 4.07-8 and 10.05-10.07 in the F(2:3) population. These QTL associations appear the most promising for further study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative trait loci for low aflatoxin production in two related maize populations

et al. 2003

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“…Cultural practices are effective in reducing aflatoxin contamination (4,27,33), but no currently available practice can prevent aflatoxin contamination in years favorable for the growth of the fungus. Plant resistance has proven successful for other diseases of maize and there is promise that this will be the case for reducing contamination of maize with aflatoxin.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Chitinase from Tex6 Maize Kernels Inhibits Growth of Aspergillus flavus

Moore¹,

Price²,

Boston³

et al. 2004

Phytopathology®

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The maize inbred Tex6 has resistance to colonization and aflatoxin accumulation by Aspergillus flavus. A protein inhibitory to growth of A. flavus has been identified from aqueous extracts of mature Tex6 seeds. This study reports the purification of a chitinase associated with this inhibitory activity to electrophoretic homogeneity and the further characterization of its properties. The inhibitory protein, which has an M(r) of 29,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is an endochitinase that is also capable of exochitinase activity. The enzyme has an optimal pH of 5.5 and a temperature optimum of 45 degrees C. Chitinase activity in maize kernels peaked approximately 36 days after pollination. The Tex6 chitinase purified in this study is capable of inhibiting the growth of A. flavus by 50% at a concentration of 20 mug/ml. Our data indicate that chitinase activity in Tex6 kernels makes a major contribution to the antifungal activity in this maize genotype. Partial peptide sequence of the chitinase showed it to differ from previously reported chitinases.

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“…Some of the most recent genetic research efforts on A. fl avus infection and afl atoxin contamination have been focused on ear rot symptoms and afl atoxin production (Naidoo et al 2002 ;Campbell and White 1995 ;Hamblin and White 2000 ) . In general, these studies have produced confl icting results in that resistance is sometimes attributed to additive effects, sometimes to dominance, and sometimes to both.…”

Section: Genetic Improvement In Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Stress and Aflatoxin Contamination: Perspectives and Prevention Strategies

Guo

et al. 2011

Crop Stress and Its Management: Perspectives and Strategies

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The fungal metabolites called afl atoxins are potent naturally occurring carcinogens, produced primarily by Aspergillus fl avus and A. parasiticus . A. fl avus affects many agricultural crops such as maize, cotton, peanuts, and tree nuts. It can contaminate these crops with afl atoxins in the fi eld before harvest. It is a serious concern because of its toxic and carcinogenic properties and also due to the risk of contamination in food and feed on human health and livestock. It is not only a serious food safety issue, but it has signifi cant economic implications for the agricultural industry worldwide because of restrictions limiting the trade of contaminated crop. Host plant resistance is an effective, effi cient and dependable tool to protect crops from the preharvest infection and afl atoxin contamination processes. Host plant resistance to afl atoxin contamination is a complex trait, and dissecting this trait is an equally complex task. With the technological breakthrough in genomics and next-generation sequencing, our understanding on the Aspergillus biology is greatly enhanced. This chapter aggregates the rich afl atoxin literature and focuses on the factors that cause the stress execrably and increase the afl atoxin contamination of grains before and after harvest. Further discussed are potential future prevention technology and strategies that could be employed to guide future research, such as "next-generation" genetics.

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Inheritance of Resistance to Aspergillus Ear Rot and Aflatoxin in Corn Genotypes

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative trait loci for low aflatoxin production in two related maize populations

Quantitative trait loci for low aflatoxin production in two related maize populations

A Chitinase from Tex6 Maize Kernels Inhibits Growth of Aspergillus flavus

Crop Stress and Aflatoxin Contamination: Perspectives and Prevention Strategies

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