Inheritance of Resistance to Gall Midge in Some Cultivars of Rice

Chaudhary, B. P.; Srivastava, Prem S.; Shrivastava, M. N.; Khush, G. S.

doi:10.1142/9789812814265_0046

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Since 1970, Ͼ56 high-yielding O. oryzae-resistant rice varieties have been released for commercial cultivation (Bentur et al 2003), with several O. oryzaeresistant genes identiÞed (Chaudhary et al 1986, Kumar et al 2000. The widespread cultivation of highyielding O. oryzae-resistant rice varieties in farmers Þelds led to the emergence of different populations or biotypes , Chatterji et al 1975, Bentur et al 1987, Nair and Devi 1994, Srinivas et al 1994, Singh 1996.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resistance Mechanism in Rice to the Midge <I>Orseolia oryzae</I> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Vijaykumar

Chakravarthy²,

Patil³

et al. 2009

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The midge Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a major and endemic pest throughout Asia. The pest is difficult to manage in view of a mixture of biotypes co-occurring in the same location and showing variable response to cultivated rice, Oryza sativa L., varieties and differentials. To develop an understanding of the resistance mechanism(s), studies were initiated during wet 2005 and 2006 in Coastal Karnataka. Antibiosis was the predominant resistance category. The maggots survived but as first instar only on all the resistant genotypes. On susceptible genotypes, larvae reached second instar at 7 d after release, third instar at 14 d after release, and pupal stage at 18 d after adult release. However, in certain resistant genotypes, maggot mortality was evident in the absence of the susceptible plant silver shoot condition. In all resistant genotypes, distinct antibiosis was observed at 14 d after adult release. Antixenosis was evident in few genotypes. So, the midge resistance in rice is manifested as a mixture of antixenosis and antibiosis. Estimation of biochemical constituents in rice shoot apices of selected resistant genotypes revealed higher levels of total phenols and total free amino acids compared with susceptible genotypes. But, the amount of total sugars, reducing sugars, crude proteins, and amino acids were not related to resistance. Biochemical profiles in relation to midge infestation showed increased phenol and decreased proline and indole acetic acid content in the growing apical meristem of resistant genotypes compared with susceptible genotypes.

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confidence: 99%

Resistance Mechanism in Rice to the Midge <I>Orseolia oryzae</I> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Vijaykumar

Chakravarthy²,

Patil³

et al. 2009

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“…The rice variety W1263 carries the dominant gene Gm1 (Chaudhary et al 1985) and Phalguna possesses the dominant gene Gm2 (Mohan et al 1994). Genotypes with these genes have been grouped into two differential groups I and II, respectively, based on their reaction pattern against the six gall midge biotypes .…”

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confidence: 99%

Flanking SSR markers for allelism test for the Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) resistance genes

et al. 2007

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Screening of rice germplasm against Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (WoodMason), biotypes in India has led to identification of over 300 resistant rice genotypes. However, only ten resistance genes have been characterized so far. Identification of new genes through classical allelism test is tedious and time consuming. We propose to use closely linked flanking Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers in allelism tests for identification of resistance genes. Of the ten known gall midge resistance genes, eight have been tagged and mapped. The Gm1 and Gm2 genes have closely linked flanking markers. Hence SSR markers RM219 and RM444, flanking the gene Gm1, and RM317, RM241 along with the SCAR marker F8, flanking the gene Gm2, were selected for this study. Tests with one set of 13 genotypes likely to carry Gm1 and another set of 17 genotypes suspected to contain Gm2 suggested the presence of the respective allele in all the 13 and 15 genotypes from these sets, respectively. Classical allelism test perfectly matched with the markers test. There were two exceptions involving amplification with RM444 in cultivar Kavya and with RM241 in genotype AE20, suggesting a single recombination which could have resulted in the mismatch. All the three markers in the genotype Bhumansan and the two flanking markers RM317 and F8 in AE20 indicated the absence of the Gm2 allele. This was validated through a classical test, revealing a segregation ratio of 15 resistant: 1 susceptible F 2 progeny of both the crosses between the Gm2 source Phalguna and these genotypes. We performed the allelism test with the markers on another set of 56 randomly selected gall midge resistant genotypes to discover possible sources of new resistance genes.

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“…Populations of gall midge from different rice growing regions in Thailand have been reported to differ in their virulence against different rice varieties (Tayathum et al 1995). At least ten gall midge resistance genes have so far been identified (Chaudhary et al 1986;Kumar et al 1999Kumar et al , 2000aKumar et al , b, 2005Shrivastava et al 1994Shrivastava et al , 2003Yang et al 1997). In Thailand, improved varieties resistant to the insect have been released in the past: RD4 in 1973 andRD9 in 1975, by the Thai Rice Research Institute.…”

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confidence: 99%

Complexity and adaptability of a traditional agricultural system: case study of a gall midge resistant rice landrace from northern Thailand

Oupkaew

Pusadee

Sirabanchongkran

et al. 2010

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Adaptability of traditional agricultural systems is suggested by their success over time, but documentation of how this happens is rare. This paper shows how genetic diversity in a rice landrace enables rice farming system of northern Thailand to adapt to a constraint of an insect pest, microenvironments of mountainous landscape and people's different tastes in rice. Resistance to laboratory-reared gall midge varied among accessions the rice landrace Muey Nawng and gall midge populations. Higher rice yield in farmers' fields reflected adaptation to local environment as well as resistance to gall midge. Microsatellite variation of the accessions correlated negatively with their gall midge resistance, but there was also variation in heading time and endosperm starch. Presence of non-waxy endosperm in glutinous rice provides opportunity to select for rice that is cooked into non-glutinous rice preferred by minority groups who live at higher elevations, where the gall midge is emerging as a new threat, possibly because of climate change. These data show how genetic diversity of a rice landrace coupled with seed management by farmers enabled a rice farming system to adapt to the varied microenvironment of a mountainous landscape under the constraint of an insect pest and people's different tastes in rice.

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Inheritance of Resistance to Gall Midge in Some Cultivars of Rice

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Resistance Mechanism in Rice to the Midge <I>Orseolia oryzae</I> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Resistance Mechanism in Rice to the Midge <I>Orseolia oryzae</I> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Flanking SSR markers for allelism test for the Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) resistance genes

Complexity and adaptability of a traditional agricultural system: case study of a gall midge resistant rice landrace from northern Thailand

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