Inheritance of some flag leaf and yield characteristics by half-diallel analysis in rice crops (Oryza Sativa L.)

Abstract

This study was conducted during 2018 and 2019 at the Rice Research and Training Centre farm, Sakha, Kafr el Sheikh, Egypt. Six genotypes of rice, Sakha 101, Giza 178, Irat 170, Wab-56-104, IR65500-127 and IR69853 were half-diallel crossed to estimate the combining ability effect as well as sink and yield potential in rice. Sink capacity (number of spikelets/panicle and 1000-grain weight), source leaf (flag leaf length, flag leaf width and flag leaf area), source-sink association (number of spikelets/panicle to flag leaf area ratio) and traits of yield components (filled grains number/panicle and panicle number) plant and grain yield/plant) were analysed. The results indicated that both general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all the studied characteristics. IR65500-127, Giza 178, and Sakha 101 were identified as good parents, so these parents were suggested for a further recombinant breeding programme. The cross of 3 × 5 was found to be superior for flag leaf width and grain yield, while the cross of 1 × 4 was found to be superior for flag leaf length, flag leaf length/width ratio, chlorophyll content and number of panicles/plant. Advancing these crosses and effected selections in segregating generation would be helpful to develop high yielding varieties. The genetic parameter showed a dominant deviation in one direction was controlled for all characters except flag leaf length. The analysis of the regression line showed that the over-dominance played an important role in the inheritance of gene action for grain yield/plant.

Identification of Newer Stable Genetic Sources for High Grain Number per Panicle and Understanding the Gene Action for Important Panicle Traits in Rice

“…The ratio of GCA/SCA variances explained the majority of gene action responsible for the inheritance of particular traits. The number of spikelets per panicle and number of filled grains per panicle had high additive gene action and a GCA/SCA variance of more than one, which is similar to the previous reports [ 12 , 55 , 56 ]. For traits showing high additive gene action, the selection method of breeding has been suggested to develop pure lines with desirable characters, i.e., pure line selection and pedigree selection [ 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

“…Mahalanobis’ D 2 and principal component analysis (PCA) are the powerful pre-breeding tools used to select the diverse germplasm for hybridization and to estimate each germplasm’s potentialities [ 9 ]. The combined use of these two techniques was attempted recently in rice accessions to assess the phenotypic diversity of various traits by Dhakal, Pokhrel, Sharma, and Poudel [ 8 ]; Tiwari et al [ 10 ]; and Lakshmi et al [ 11 ] For genetic analysis in breeding, different mating designs are being followed, viz., Line × Tester (L × T), biparental cross, polycross, North Carolina design (I, II and III), and diallel (I, II, III, and IV) [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Each design has its own advantages, but Griffing’s full diallel mating design uses a general linear model, which is a widely used technique to identify the genetic and maternal effect of specific traits and for choosing parents and hybrids with general and specific combining ability, respectively, in the desired direction, which can be deployed in plant breeding [ 16 ].…”

Estimates of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Sodic Soil

“…The analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to parents v/s crosses were highly significant or significant for all the characters except flag leaf area in F 1 's. Similar result has also been supported by earlier researchers (Rahimi et al, 2010;Sanghera et al, 2012;Bassuony et al, 2021 andMazal et al, 2021).…”

Molecular Genetic Diversity and Combining Ability for Some Physiological and Agronomic Traits in Rice under Well-Watered and Water-Deficit Conditions

“…They disclosed that the additive gene effects contribute considerably to the inheritance of grain yield and several related traits in rice. On the contrary, other reports have found that non-additive gene action has a major role in the inheritance of agronomic traits in rice [ 17 , 19 , 75 ]. The significant GCA × I and SCA × I interactions for grain yield and most of the other studied traits indicate the differential performance of the parental genotypes and hybrids under distinct conditions.…”