Inheritance of the horned, scurred, and polled condition in cattle

We have expanded the livestock gene editing toolbox to include transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nuclease (TALEN)-and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-stimulated homology-directed repair (HDR) using plasmid, rAAV, and oligonucleotide templates. Toward the genetic dehorning of dairy cattle, we introgressed a bovine POLLED allele into horned bull fibroblasts. Single nucleotide alterations or small indels were introduced into 14 additional genes in pig, goat, and cattle fibroblasts using TALEN mRNA and oligonucleotide transfection with efficiencies of 10-50% in populations. Several of the chosen edits mimic naturally occurring performance-enhancing or disease-resistance alleles, including alteration of single base pairs. Up to 70% of the fibroblast colonies propagated without selection harbored the intended edits, of which more than onehalf were homozygous. Edited fibroblasts were used to generate pigs with knockout alleles in the DAZL and APC genes to model infertility and colon cancer. Our methods enable unprecedented meiosis-free intraspecific and interspecific introgression of select alleles in livestock for agricultural and biomedical applications.

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“…Angus), a dominant trait referred to as POLLED (27). Two allelic variants conferring polledness have been identified on chromosome 1 (28).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient nonmeiotic allele introgression in livestock using custom endonucleases

Tan

Carlson

Lancto

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

259

196

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“…A study by Koots and Crow (1989) (Long and Gregory 1978). In another study, the frequency of scruring ranged from 3 to ll%io in males and from I to 7%o in females (Frisch et al 1980) and was dependent on the type of cross.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

A comparison of production traits and welfare implications between horned and polled beef bulls

Stookey¹,

Goonewardene²

1996

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…The application of equation (25) to QTL mapping designs requires two key elements: a marker contrast for detecting each epistasis effect, and the variance of the contrast. Let c be a contrast vector that defines an estimable function of m, then E(c m) = c m. Based on this result and the m vector in Appendix B, the mathematical expectation of each contrast given by equations (16)(17)(18)(19), denoted by E(L i ), i = aa, ad, da, dd, are functions of markers-QTL recombination frequencies and the QTL effects being tested, i.e.,…”

Section: Mathematical Formulae For Statistical Power and Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using E(L i ) in place of L i for i = aa, ad, da, dd as defined by equations (16)(17)(18)(19), the z i value in equation (25) can be expressed as:…”

Section: Mathematical Formulae For Statistical Power and Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Statistical power for detecting epistasis QTL effects under the F-2 design

Mao

2005

Genet. Sel. Evol.

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-Epistasis refers to gene interaction effect involving two or more genes. Statistical methods for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) with epistasis effects have become available recently. However, little is known about the statistical power and sample size requirements for mapping epistatic QTL using genetic markers. In this study, we developed analytical formulae to calculate the statistical power and sample requirement for detecting each epistasis effect under the F-2 design based on crossing inbred lines. Assuming two unlinked interactive QTL and the same absolute value for all epistasis effects, the heritability of additive × additive (a × a) effect is twice as large as that of additive × dominance (a × d) or dominance × additive (d × a) effect, and is four times as large as that of dominance × dominance (d × d) effect. Consequently, among the four types of epistasis effects involving two loci, 'a × a' effect is the easiest to detect whereas 'd × d' effect is the most difficult to detect. The statistical power for detecting 'a × a' effect is similar to that for detecting dominance effect of a single QTL. The sample size requirements for detecting 'a × d', 'd × a' and 'd × d' are highly sensitive to increased distance between the markers and the interacting QTLs. Therefore, using dense marker coverage is critical to detecting those effects. epistasis / QTL / statistical power / sample size / F-2

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Inheritance of the horned, scurred, and polled condition in cattle

Cited by 62 publications

References 5 publications

Efficient nonmeiotic allele introgression in livestock using custom endonucleases

Efficient nonmeiotic allele introgression in livestock using custom endonucleases

A comparison of production traits and welfare implications between horned and polled beef bulls

Statistical power for detecting epistasis QTL effects under the F-2 design

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