Inheritance of the number and thickness of cell layers in barley aleurone tissue (Hordeum vulgare L.): an approach using F2–F3 progeny

Abstract

The aleurone tissue of cereal grains, nutritionally rich in minerals and vitamins, is an important target for the improvement of cereals. Inheritance of the thickness and the number of cell layers in barley aleurone was studied on the F2-F3 progeny of an Erhard Frederichen x Criolla Negra cross in which the parental lines have three or two aleurone layers, respectively. F3 grain was sampled from each F2 plant and 96.8% of the entire F3 grain population was classified as being either the 2- or 3-layer type. Using microsatellite, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and morphological markers on 190 F2 plants, a linkage map was built. Three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting aleurone traits were revealed on chromosome 5H (max. LOD = 5.83) and chromosome 7H (max. LOD = 4.45) by interval mapping, and on chromosome 2H by marker analysis with an unmapped marker. These QTLs were consistent with genetic sub-models involving either 2-cell type dominance for 7H and 2H, or putative partial dominance for 5H where 2-cell-layer dominance and additivity gave similar LODs. The number of aleurone cell layers and aleurone thickness were strongly correlated and QTL results for these traits were alike. An SNP marker of sal1, an orthologue of the maize multilayer aleurone gene was mapped to the 7HL chromosome arm. However, the 7H QTL did not co-locate with the barley sal1 SNP, suggesting that an additional gene is involved in determining aleurone traits. These new mapping data allow comparisons to be made with related studies.

Genetic diversity and trait genomic prediction in a pea diversity panel

“…This collection was genotyped using the RBIP assay [4] and using SNP [12]. SSR genotyping was adapted from Jestin et al [24]. Labelled PCR fragments were produced in one step in a total volume of 6.5 μ l with 5’ extensions in order to facilitate the labelling procedure at low cost (forward primer with the CACGACGTTGTAAAACGAC sequence extension) Genomic DNA (25 ng) was amplified with the following PCR mix: 2.345 μ l of dH2O, 2.3 mM of MgCl2 buffer, 1.35 mM of dNTPs, 0.04 U/ μ l Qiagen ®;Taq, 50 nM of forward primer with M13 tail, 500 nM of reverse primer, and 0.52 μ M of labeled M13 primer (6-FAM and NED, Applied Biosystems).…”

Thethick aleurone1Mutant Defines a Negative Regulation of Maize Aleurone Cell Fate That Functions Downstream ofdefective kernel1

“…Typical barley cultivars contain three to four aleurone layers, with layer number inherited as a quantitative trait (Jestin et al, 2008). The recessive barley des5 mutant possesses a single aleurone layer, indicating this gene normally functions to increase layer number, opposite Thk1+ (Olsen et al, 2008).…”

“…In maize, the Coroico landrace was reported to have a multilayer aleurone (Wolf et al, 1972). In barley, aleurone layer number is under genetic control and is inherited as a quantitative trait (Jestin et al, 2008).…”

Thenaked endospermGenes Encode Duplicate INDETERMINATE Domain Transcription Factors Required for Maize Endosperm Cell Patterning and Differentiation

“…In particular genotypes of maize (Zea mays [Zm]), anthocyanin pigments specifically accumulate in the aleurone, and this has historically been used as a powerful marker for genetic studies (Cone, 2007). Most cereal grains, including maize, have a single cell layer of aleurone, although barley (Hordeum vulgare) and at least one maize landrace have multilayered aleurone (Wolf et al, 1972;Jestin et al, 2008). Aleurone development involves a decision between aleurone versus starchy endosperm cell fates.…”