Inherited phenotype instability of inflorescence and floral organ development in homeotic barley double mutants and its specific modification by auxin inhibitors and 2,4-D

Šiukšta, Raimondas; Vaitkūnienė, Virginija; Kaselytė, Greta; Okockytė, Vaiva; Žukauskaitė, Justina; Žvingila, Donatas; Rančelis, Vytautas

doi:10.1093/aob/mcu263

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The initiation of a floral organ is a major step in a plant’s life cycle, and the timing and positioning of floral organ initiation are fundamental aspects of plant inflorescence architecture 37,38 . Plant hormones play a crucial role in determining inflorescence architecture, and disruption of the hormone status alters inflorescence morphology by modulating cell division and differentiation in the inflorescence primordium 39,40 . For instance, when hormone levels and distribution are disrupted in a vrs2 barley mutant, the two-rowed pattern of spikelets at the base and center of the inflorescence is altered to a six-rowed pattern 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome profiling of multi-ovary wheat under heterogeneous cytoplasm suppression

Guo

Zhang

Song

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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DUOII is a multi-ovary wheat line with two or three pistils and three stamens in each floret. The multi-ovary trait of DUOII is controlled by a dominant gene, whose expression can be suppressed by the heterogeneous cytoplasm of TeZhiI (TZI), a line with the nucleus of common wheat and the cytoplasm of Aegilops . DUOII (♀) × TZI (♂) shows multi-ovary trait, while TZI (♀) × DUOII (♂) shows mono-ovary. Observing the developmental process, we found that the critical stage of additional pistil primordium development was when the young spikes were 2–6 mm long. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the heterogeneous cytoplasmic suppression of the multi-ovary gene, we RNA-sequenced the entire transcriptome of 2–6 mm long young spikes obtained from the reciprocal crosses between DUOII and TZI. A total of 600 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified. Functional annotation of these DEGs showed that the heterogeneous cytoplasmic suppression of additional pistil development mainly involved four pathways, i.e., chloroplast metabolism, DNA replication and repair, hormone signal transduction, and trehalose-6-phosphate in the primordium development stage, which cooperated to modulate the multi-ovary gene expression under heterogeneous cytoplasmic suppression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome profiling of multi-ovary wheat under heterogeneous cytoplasm suppression

Guo

Zhang

Song

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…A very interesting example is presented in the work of Siuksta et al [37]. Working on barley double mutants, obtained by crossing single ones, these authors focused their attention on Hv-Hd/tw2 double mutants, characterized by inherited phenotypic instability.…”

Section: The Genetic Background Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The F2 seeds derived from the F1 plants, also grown in a glasshouse, generated complex segregant populations, characterized by extreme phenotypic instability, with different Hooded spikes, including Elevated hooded, Branched hooded, and the first stage of hood development (Trifurcatum) (Figure 9). Siuksta et al [37] suggested that unbalanced hormonal pathways can be a key factor to explain such a phenomenon. In particular, auxin interaction with the Kn1 gene and other homeotic genes can determine an imbalance in auxin distribution, resulting in phenotypic instability.…”

Section: The Genetic Background Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, auxin interaction with the Kn1 gene and other homeotic genes can determine an imbalance in auxin distribution, resulting in phenotypic instability. To demonstrate this hypothesis, Siutska et al [37] treated flower/spike structures of double mutant lines with auxin inhibitors and with 2,4-D. They observed a normalization effect on the phenotype caused by auxin inhibitors-and an opposite effect of 2,4-D-, indicating that ectopic auxin hyper-accumulation probably plays a role.…”

Section: The Genetic Background Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barley Developmental Mutants: The High Road to Understand the Cereal Spike Morphology

Terzi¹,

Tumino²,

Pagani³

et al. 2017

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Abstract:A better understanding of the developmental plan of a cereal spike is of relevance when designing the plant for the future, in which innovative traits can be implemented through pre-breeding strategies. Barley developmental mutants can be a Mendelian solution for identifying genes controlling key steps in the establishment of the spike morphology. Among cereals, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the best investigated crop plants and is a model species for the Triticeae tribe, thanks to several characteristics, including, among others, its adaptability to a wide range of environments, its diploid genome, and its self-pollinating mating system, as well as the availability of its genome sequence and a wide array of genomic resources. Among them, large collections of natural and induced mutants have been developed since the 1920s, with the aim of understanding developmental and physiological processes and exploiting mutation breeding in crop improvement. The collections are not only comprehensive in terms of single Mendelian spike mutants, but with regards to double and triple mutants derived from crosses between simple mutants, as well as near isogenic lines (NILs) that are useful for genetic studies. In recent years the integration of the most advanced omic technologies with historical mutation-genetics research has helped in the isolation and validation of some of the genes involved in spike development. New interrogatives have raised the question about how the behavior of a single developmental gene in different genetic backgrounds can help in understanding phenomena like expressivity, penetrance, phenotypic plasticity, and instability. In this paper, some genetic and epigenetic studies on this topic are reviewed.

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“…Our recent studies have related the tw phenotype to disrupted auxin physiology [8,9], providing a pretext to study the role of auxin in the MGG phenomenon. Depending on lifestyle, phytopathogens develop means for controlling plant growth by modulating endogenous auxin synthesis and signalling [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Barley Tweaky Spike Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances

et al. 2021

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Barley developmental mutants tweaky spike (tw) with disturbed auxin pathways possess a unique feature of an increased level of mouldy germinating grains (MGG), which serves as a convenient model to investigate the effects of plant immunity-related substances. The effects of the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), auxin inhibitors, salicylic acid (SA), and trans-cinnamic acid (TCA) were studied using the tw-WT system in surface-sterilized and unsterilized germinating grains under high rates of natural infection. Significant differences among the allelic tw mutants were revealed at the natural MGG level and in response to 2,4-D, SA, and TCA. The most effective means against MGG were sterilization and TCA. 2,4-D inhibited root growth in tw and tw2 mutants, occurring only in unsterilized and not sterilized germinating grains, while the opposite was observed for TCA and SA. The tw mutations influenced variations in the seed-borne fungal spectra, decreasing the frequency of Bipolaris sorokiniana and increasing Fusarium spp. Hypochlorite-based surface sterilization methods should be used with caution in studies where the action of exogenous 2,4-D will be analysed in germinating grains. Auxin pathway disturbances specific for pleiotropic tw mutants are generally restricted to organogenesis but not to germination events.

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Inherited phenotype instability of inflorescence and floral organ development in homeotic barley double mutants and its specific modification by auxin inhibitors and 2,4-D

Cited by 8 publications

References 67 publications

Comparative transcriptome profiling of multi-ovary wheat under heterogeneous cytoplasm suppression

Comparative transcriptome profiling of multi-ovary wheat under heterogeneous cytoplasm suppression

Barley Developmental Mutants: The High Road to Understand the Cereal Spike Morphology

Application of Barley Tweaky Spike Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances

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