“…Therefore, in Γ * g,3 , each subgraph functions equivalently to a vertex, and therefore the Petersen graph shares its non-Hamiltonicity with Γ * g,3 . An alternative proof using results Baniasadi and Haythorpe [2] arises from noticing that Γ * g,3 has the non-Hamiltonian Petersen graph as an ancestor gene, violating the necessary condition for Γ * g,3 to be Hamiltonian. Lemma 3.2.…”