Inhibins and activins in blood: Predictors of female reproductive health?

Robertson, David

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.016

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Based on extensive studies in rodents and other species, activin is known to be a key component for reproductive functions [10] and activin levels in circulation have been proposed to be a “predictor” for reproductive health in human female [65]. At pituitary level, activin is well-documented for its ability to induce FSH synthesis and secretion [17] and its stimulatory effect on FSHβ gene transcription is mediated by SMAD3 and SMAD4 [19] and their synergistic interactions with AP-1 [66] and FOXL2 transcription factors [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activin/follistatin system in grass carp pituitary cells: - Regulation by local release of growth hormone and luteinizing hormone and its functional role in growth hormone synthesis and secretion

et al. 2017

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Gonadotrophin regulation by activin/follistatin system is well-documented, but the corresponding effect on growth hormone (GH) has not been fully characterized and with little information available in lower vertebrates, especially in fish models. In grass carp, local interactions of GH and luteinizing hormone (LH) can induce GH release and gene expression at pituitary level via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. To shed light on the role of activin/follistatin system in GH regulation by local actions of GH and LH, grass carp activin βA and βB were cloned, shown to be single-copy genes expressed in the pituitary, and confirmed to encode activin proteins capable of transactivating promoter with activin-responsive elements. In grass carp pituitary cells, activin A and B were effective in reducing GH secretion and GH cell content with concurrent drop in GH mRNA level whereas the opposite was true for follistatin, the activin-binding protein known to neutralize the effects of endogenous activin. Treatment with activin A and B not only could suppress basal but also inhibit GH mRNA expression induced by GH and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a functional analogue of LH in fish model. Apparently, down-regulation of GH mRNA by activin was mediated by reducing GH transcript stability with concurrent inhibition on GH promoter activity via the SMAD pathway. In reciprocal experiments, GH treatment was found to up-regulate activin βA, activin βB and follistatin mRNA levels in carp pituitary cells but the opposite was noted by removing endogenous GH with GH antiserum. Interestingly, parallel treatment with hCG could also inhibit basal as well as GH-induced activin βA, activin βB and follistatin gene expression. These results, as a whole, indicate that the pituitary activin/follistatin system can serve as a regulatory target for local interactions of GH and LH and contribute to GH regulation by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms in the carp pituitary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activin/follistatin system in grass carp pituitary cells: - Regulation by local release of growth hormone and luteinizing hormone and its functional role in growth hormone synthesis and secretion

et al. 2017

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“…Accordingly, in adult women, AMH levels decline steadily with age and are highly predictive of age at menopause (3). Inhibin B also is secreted from preantral and small antral ovarian follicles, but, unlike AMH, inhibin B secretion is stimulated by FSH and its circulating levels therefore reflect both the number and the pituitary-stimulated activity of early developing follicles (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripubertal changes in circulating antimüllerian hormone levels in girls

Lashen¹,

Dunger²,

Ness³

et al. 2013

Fertility and Sterility

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ObjectiveTo identify correlates and longitudinal changes in circulating antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels as a marker of ovarian primordial follicle recruitment in normal peripubertal girls.DesignObservational study using mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses.SettingNot applicable.Patient(s)Unselected girls assessed at ages 7–11 years.Intervention(s)None.Main Outcome Measure(s)AMH, inhibin B, and FSH levels were analyzed in blood samples collected at ages 7, 9, and 11 years for longitudinal analyses and at age 8 years for cross-sectional analyses.Result(s)In the cross-sectional analysis, AMH levels at age 8 years were lower in pubertal girls (median 25.0 pmol/L, interquartile range [IQR] 16.0–33.9; n = 39) than in prepubertal girls (33.5 pmol/L, IQR 22.3–49.1; n = 342). In prepubertal girls, higher AMH levels were associated with higher inhibin B levels, lower FSH levels, and larger body mass index at age 8 years and subsequently with later age at menarche. AMH levels were unrelated to birth weight or birth length. In the longitudinal analysis, AMH levels increased between ages 7 (median 27.0 pmol/L, IQR 19.2–34) and 9 years (32.0 pmol/L, IQR 26.5–42.7), then declined between 9 and 11 years (26.5 pmol/L, IQR 19–42.25) with high intraindividual correlation in AMH levels between ages 7 and 9 years and 7 and 11 years.Conclusion(s)Measurement of circulating AMH and inhibin B levels suggests that the rate of ovarian primordial follicle recruitment increases in the prepubertal years then declines again following the onset of puberty as follicular activity pattern changes.

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“…Inhibins, including inhibin A and inhibin B, is produced by ovarian granulosa cells and serves as an essential marker for the development of follicles [25]. Inhibin βA is one subunit of inhibin A. Tsigkou A et al reported that women with PCOS had a higher serum concentration of total inhibin, but lower concentration of dimeric inhibin A than that in healthy control groups [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Serum Biomarkers Detected by Protein Array in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Low Progesterone Level

Zheng

Zhou

Cui

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by female infertility and metabolic abnormalities, is one of the most common endocrine disorders. The etiology of PCOS remains unknown. The comprehensive analysis of protein alterations in PCOS patients is meaningful for identifying diagnostic biomarkers of PCOS. Here, we explored the clinical value of serum proteins as novel biomarkers to detect PCOS with low progesterone level. Methods: A total of 43 patients with PCOS and 30 healthy women were enrolled. Protein array was used to detect the variations of serum proteins between PCOS patients and healthy women. The level of five serum proteins was further confirmed by ELISA and western blot. The human ovarian granulosa cells (KGN) was cultured to examine the underlying mechanism of PCOS. CCK8 assay and western blot were carried out to evaluate the alterations in proliferative ability, TUNEL assay and DAPI staining to detect the apoptosis of KGN cells. Results: Among the 507 proteins, we identified 76 differentially expressed serum proteins (≧1.5 fold), with 40 elevated and 36 decreased proteins. Moreover, 47 proteins were newly reported in PCOS. The alterations in the five significantly decreased proteins (EREG, inhibin βA, IDE, PDGF-D and KNG1) were further confirmed by ELISA and western blot. The level of these proteins were directly associated with the low progesterone, and the expression could be upregulated by progesterone. EREG and inhibin βA also promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells. Conclusion: The study highlights that serum proteins are differentially expressed in PCOS patients and healthy women, and EREG and inhibin βA levels are upregulated by progesterone, which are correlated with ovarian functions. The study suggests that EREG and inhibin βA may be applied as novel potential biomarkers for PCOS with low progesterone level.

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Inhibins and activins in blood: Predictors of female reproductive health?

Cited by 17 publications

References 59 publications

Activin/follistatin system in grass carp pituitary cells: - Regulation by local release of growth hormone and luteinizing hormone and its functional role in growth hormone synthesis and secretion

Activin/follistatin system in grass carp pituitary cells: - Regulation by local release of growth hormone and luteinizing hormone and its functional role in growth hormone synthesis and secretion

Peripubertal changes in circulating antimüllerian hormone levels in girls

Novel Serum Biomarkers Detected by Protein Array in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Low Progesterone Level

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