Inhibited Power Motivation is Associated with the Facial Width-to-Height Ratio in Females

Janson, Kevin T.; Bleck, Kira; Fenkl, Julia; Riegl, Lea T.; Jägel, Franziska; Köllner, Martin G.

doi:10.1007/s40750-017-0075-y

Cited by 14 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Finally, in men we found only slight (nAchievement) or no direct associations (nPower x AI) of motives with 2D:4D. In this regard, our results resemble those of Janson et al (2018), who also obtained clear-cut results for associations between nPower and AI with a putative body marker of sex steroid exposure for women, but not for men, in a German sample. Perhaps the weak findings for men are specific to German samples --past research has similarly failed to obtain digit ratio associations with behavioral outcomes, such as reproductive success, for German men that were found for German women or men with other ethnic backgrounds (Manning et al, 2000).…”

Section: Emerging Questionssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…We tested associations between motives and digit lengths using generalized linear models (GLM) that treated finger and hand as separate within-subjects factors and motives as betweensubjects factors. We focused on effects involving the factor Finger, implicating a 2D:4D effect, and effects involving a Finger x Hand interaction, reflecting DR-L. With regard to the power motive, we hypothesized, based on the studies by Schultheiss and Zimni (2015) and Janson et al (2018), the emergence of an nPower x AI effect, with nPower being associated with a more male-typical digit ratio in high-AI individuals and a more female-typical digit ratio in low-AI IMPLICIT MOTIVES AND DIGIT RATIO 9 individuals. We also explored whether the nPower x AI effect would be moderated by participants' sex.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implicit motives show sex-dimorphic associations with digit ratio.

Schultheiss¹,

Frisch²,

Özbe³

et al. 2019

Motivation Science

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In press, Motivation Science Author note OCS and AGR designed the studies; MF coordinated and supervised all data collection and initial data processing; SL and LM conducted most digit length measurements; DÖ, AO, and MS coded most PSE stories; OCS processed and integrated all data files and ran all statistical analyses; and OCS wrote the manuscript, with contributions by all co-authors during editing and revision phases. Partial results from study 2 were presented at the 47 th annual conference of the

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Section: Emerging Questionssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit motives show sex-dimorphic associations with digit ratio.

Schultheiss¹,

Frisch²,

Özbe³

et al. 2019

Motivation Science

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“…Most importantly for our research regarding pubertal organizing hormone effects, Janson et al (2018) reported positive associations between a "male-typical" high fWHR as an established marker of pubertal steroid exposure (T and perhaps also E2) and the IPM in a large sample (N = 213). Similar to the results by Schultheiss et al (2019), the findings were sex-dimorphic.…”

Section: Links Between Npower and Steroid Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Second, we expected bone length to be predicted by an interaction pattern involving sex, nPower, and AI, as well as bone type (ulna, fibula) and body side (left, right; Hypothesis 2). While sex emerged as a moderator in well-powered studies (Janson et al 2018;Schultheiss et al 2019), nPower and AI produced results in all studies on motives and markers so far (including Schultheiss and Zimni 2015). Schultheiss et al 2019found a five-way interaction additionally involving body side (left, right) and bone (second digit and fourth digit in Schultheiss et al 2019; ulna and fibula in our research), and thus these variables deserve scrutiny in our study, too.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Several markers have been proposed, most prominently the second-to-fourth-digit length ratio (2D:4D; e.g., Manning 2002;Manning et al 1998) for prenatal steroid hormone exposure, i.e. the fetal ratio of estradiol (E2) to testosterone (T) (Lutchmaya et al 2004), and facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR; Carré and McCormick 2008;Weston et al 2007), the ratio of bizygomatic width to upper face height, for pubertal T and perhaps also for E2 exposure (Janson et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploratory Evidence of Sex-Dimorphic Associations of the Ulna-to-Fibula Ratio, a Potential Marker of Pubertal Sex Steroid Exposure, with the Implicit Need for Power

Köllner

Bleck

2020

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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Objectives We propose a novel marker of pubertal organizing hormone effects on the brain, long bone length, and assess its relationships to implicit motives, especially the implicit need for power (nPower). Methods In a partly exploratory approach, we tested 126 participants (after exclusions; 53 men, 73 women), in a cross-sectional design using the Picture-Story Exercise (nPower, activity inhibition), standard anthropometric measurements (BMI, height), and calipers to assess bone length of the ulna and fibula. Results Results indicated that a sex-dimorphic (d = 0.55) Ulna-to-Fibula Ratio (UFR), which is independent of body height, best captures the variance in our data. While we did not find bivariate relationships between long bone length and nPower, a sexdimorphic interaction of nPower and activity inhibition on UFR-asymmetry (UFR r-l ; right versus left UFR) emerged. High UFR r-l scores were related to the inhibited power motive (high nPower, high activity inhibition) in men, while for women the pattern was (non-significantly) reversed. In addition, UFR was predicted by a sex-dimorphic effect of nPower, with low UFR scores being associated with a higher nPower in men and a tendency for high UFR scores being related to lower nPower in women. Conclusions We discuss our results regarding UFR's potential as a sex-dimorphic marker of the organizing effects of pubertal steroid hormones on the motivational brain beyond hand and face parameters routinely used in current research. Finally, we examine how our findings fit recent results obtained for the relationship between 2D:4D digit ratio or facial width-to-height ratio and nPower.

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Motives and Laterality: Exploring the Links

Schultheiss

Schwemmer

Khalaidovski

2021

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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Objectives We explored associations between the needs for power, achievement, and affiliation and functional cerebral asymmetries (FCAs), guided by three established hypotheses about the nature of these associations. Methods One-hundred-and-seven participants completed picture-story measures of dispositional motives and activity inhibition (AI), a frequent moderator of motive-behavior associations, tasks measuring FCAs (line bisection, chimeric emotional face judgments, turning bias, perceptual and response asymmetries on the Poffenberger task), self-reported laterality preferences (handedness, footedness, ear and eye preference), and interhemispheric interaction (crossed-uncrossed difference). They also completed an experiment manipulating hand contractions (left, right, both, neither) while they worked on a second picture-story motive measure. Results Dispositional power motivation was associated with stronger rightward asymmetry and less interhemispheric transfer in high-AI and stronger leftward asymmetry and more interhemispheric transfer in low-AI individuals. For the affiliation motive, findings were fewer and in the opposite direction of those for the power motive. These findings emerged for men, but not for women. Left- or right-hand contractions led to increases in power and achievement motivation, but not affiliation motivation. Only left-hand contractions led to decreased AI. Conclusions We discuss these findings in the context of sex-dimorphic organizing and activating effects of steroids on motives and laterality.

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Inhibited Power Motivation is Associated with the Facial Width-to-Height Ratio in Females

Cited by 14 publications

References 96 publications

Implicit motives show sex-dimorphic associations with digit ratio.

Implicit motives show sex-dimorphic associations with digit ratio.

Exploratory Evidence of Sex-Dimorphic Associations of the Ulna-to-Fibula Ratio, a Potential Marker of Pubertal Sex Steroid Exposure, with the Implicit Need for Power

Motives and Laterality: Exploring the Links

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