Inhibiting and Facilitating Factors to End a Violent Relationship: Patterns of Behavior Among Women in Spain

Abstract

The objective of this study are (a) to explore the factors, which facilitate or inhibit women's responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) and their ability to leave a violent relationship; (b) to identify patterns of behavior in abused women based on their perception of the violence and the actions they take to find help or a solution to the problems derived from IPV. Semistructured interviews were carried out. The critical path is defined as the sequence of decisions and actions taken by affected women to address the violence they experienced. Based on this concept, we identified several factors that affect women's responses to violence, and categorized them into inhibiting and facilitating factors. We also identified three patterns of behavior: the first one is theoretically as the ideal critical path, whereas in the third pattern the process is less like the ideal critical path.

Barriers to Leaving a Relationship From the Perspective of Married Abused Iranian Women: Secondary Analysis of the Interviews With Abused Women

“…Results indicated that lack of personal resources, such as independent income, and residence and health, was one of the important barriers to leaving a relationship among the participants. In other studies, unemployment and low educational level (Ruiz-Pérez et al, 2013), inability in gaining independent income (Kulwicki, Aswad, Carmona, & Ballout, 2010; Zakar et al, 2012), not knowing English language for immigrant women, lack of knowledge about the provided social and legal services in the community, being an immigrant (Kulwicki et al, 2010), and having poor health (Sabri et al, 2016) were the barriers to leaving a relationship. However, having access to the resources that would decrease dependence on the partner such as job opportunities (Ruiz-Pérez et al, 2013), health (Ruiz-Pérez et al, 2013; Sabina & Tindale, 2008), and independent income or residence (Fanslow & Robinson, 2010) considered as effective factors in leaving a relationship.…”

A critical cartography of domestic violence policies in Mozambique

“…Domestic violence (DV) is a worldwide phenomenon threatening the lives of millions of people. It violates their basic human rights [ 1 , 2 ]. DV is defined by WHO, as the intentional use of force or power, among members of a particular family or by intimate partners.…”

“…Worldwide one in three women have experienced at some point of their lives either physical or sexual abuse perpetrated by an intimate partner [ 1 ]. According to population surveys covering high and low-middle income countries (however not including Mozambique), 10% to over 69% of women report having suffered some form of physical or sexual abuse inflicted by an intimate partner at some point in their lives [ 8 , 10 , 11 ].…”

“…Many other instruments, protocols and studies have been developed to support gender equality, censure DV and provide guidelines. The Vienna Declaration on Women Rights of 1993, the World Report on Violence and Health in 2002 and the WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Against Women in 2005 are some example of these actions [ 1 , 12 , 32 , 33 ]. The identification of WHO focal points of violence, and the call for linkages between government ministries are among the many proposals meant to combat and prevent DV [ 34 ].…”

Gender inequality and intimate partner violence in Bolivia

“…Heise, Ellsberg, and Gottmoeller, 2002;L. Heise and Garcia-Moreno, 2002;Jewkes, 2002;Krug, Mercy, Dahlberg, and Zwi, 2002;Ruiz-Pérez et al, 2013;White, McMullin, Swartout, Sechrist, and Gollehon, 2008).…”