Inhibiting cardiac allograft rejection with interleukin-35 therapy combined with decitabine treatment in mice

Simvastatin combined with aspirin increases the survival time of heart allograft by activating CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and enhancing vascular endothelial cell protection

“…However, allograft rejection is the major challenge in the cardiac transplantation [1][2][3][4]. We found that there was less allograft rejection in transplanted organ if vasculature is intact.…”

Anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin-35 in acquired aplastic anemia

“…IL-35 could inhibit the proliferation of conventional T cells and the differentiation of CD4 + T cells into Th1 or Th17 effector cells but promote the proliferation of Tregs [20][21][22]. In addition, IL-35 could significantly reduce the production of Th1-type cytokines, such as IFN-c, TNF-a and IL-2, and Th17-type cytokines [20,21].…”

Inhibition of cardiac allograft rejection in mice using interleukin‐35‐modified mesenchymal stem cells

“…Tregs, a subpopulation of CD4 + T cells, have potent immunosuppressive effects both in vivo and in vitro. Although an increasing number of studies have shown that increasing the Treg ratio can effectively attenuate rejection after transplantation and pave the way for ongoing clinical studies, the induction of immune tolerance by Tregs still faces substantial challenges in the clinic, of which one of the most important is the unmet need of recruiting sufficient numbers of appropriate Tregs to cover the breadth of tissue‐damaging mechanisms evoked . IL‐35, a powerful immunosuppressive cytokine identified in 2007, may provide a solution to this problem.…”

“…For example, IL‐35 could inhibit the promotion of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cell differentiation and function, which relieves the symptoms of collagen‐induced arthritis, and accumulating evidence indicates that IL‐35 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythaematosus . Even more intriguingly, recent studies have shown that IL‐35 could also inhibit graft rejection and thus has great potential in transplantation …”