Inhibiting methane production in Brahman cattle by dietary supplementation with a novel compound and the effects on growth

McCrabb, G. J.; Berger, Karina; Magner, Thomas F.; May, Christopher; Hunter, R. A.

doi:10.1071/a96119

Cited by 83 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A gradual decrease in methane output was observed with an increasing concentration of BES (1-40 mM), whereas methane output was not detectable at a BCM concentration of !5 mM. If there is a connection between this observation and the known persistency of BCM as an inhibitor of methane emissions, as shown in vivo (McCrabb et al 1997), as compared with a lack of persistency observed for BES (Van Nevel and Demeyer 1995), the development of future inhibitors of enteric methanogenesis would warrant closer attention to the mode of action of BCM. The extent of reduction in methane output with increasing concentration of BES was more pronounced for GS+B than for ryegrass.…”

Section: Halogenated Methane Analogues (Hma) and Pyromellitic Diimidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, chloral hydrate led to liver damage and death in sheep after prolonged feeding (Nagaraja et al 1997) but there has been no adverse effects on rumen fermentation when BCM was fed to either steers (McCrabb et al 1997) or goats (Abecia et al 2012). Therefore, the toxic effects of all HMA need to be assessed in vivo on a compound by compound basis.…”

Section: Halogenated Methane Analogues (Hma) and Pyromellitic Diimidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing in vitro rumen methanogenesis for two contrasting diets using a series of inclusion rates of different additives

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Eleven individual additives were incubated with either perennial ryegrass or with grass silage+barley grain (50 : 50) and the in vitro methane output was assessed using the gas production technique (GPT). Additives were: fatty acids (lauric, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids), halogenated methane analogues (bromoethanesulfonate and bromochloromethane), pyromellitic diimide, statins (mevastatin and lovastatin), a probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid (fumaric acid). Each additive was included at a range of concentrations. Effects on methane output per gram of feed dry matter (DM) incubated (CH 4 /DMi) and disappeared (CH 4 /DMd), as well as other fermentation variables, were evaluated after 24 h of incubation. The addition of increased concentrations of individual fatty acids, bromoethanesulfonate and pyromellitic diimide caused a dose-dependent decline in methane output (CH 4 /DMi, CH 4 / DMd), when incubated with either perennial ryegrass or grass silage+barley grain. No methane output was detected for either feed with the addition of !5 mM bromochloromethane. The statins were ineffective inhibitors of methane output regardless of feed type. For perennial ryegrass, S. cerevisiae caused a dose-dependent decline in CH 4 /DMd and fumaric acid a dose-dependent decline in CH 4 /DMi and CH 4 /DMd. The effectiveness of lauric, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and bromoethanesulfonate to reduce methane output was more pronounced when incubated with grass silage+barley grain than with perennial ryegrass, and therefore the type of feed is an important component for any future in vitro and in vivo studies to be undertaken with these additives. Thus, incorporating different feed types in the initial in vitro screening protocols of all new additives is recommended.Additional keywords: in vitro total gas production technique, rumen fermentation modifiers, ruminant diets.

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Section: Halogenated Methane Analogues (Hma) and Pyromellitic Diimidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Halogenated Methane Analogues (Hma) and Pyromellitic Diimidementioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing in vitro rumen methanogenesis for two contrasting diets using a series of inclusion rates of different additives

et al. 2014

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“…However, this approach is technically difficult, given the cumbersome techniques required to grow methanogens, their inherently slow growth kinetics and their extreme sensitivity to oxygen. Historically, a number of studies using various halogenated compounds have demonstrated the 'proof of principle' of small molecule inhibitors, especially in shorter-term animal experiments; however, unfortunately, the inhibitors are either unacceptable because of environmental or toxicology concerns, or tend to become less effective over time (Johnson et al, 1972;Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1975;Van Nevel and Demeyer, 1995;McCrabb et al, 1997).…”

Section: Small Molecule Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequencing of rumen bacteria and archaea and its application to methane mitigation strategies

Leahy

Kelly

Ronimus

et al. 2013

Animal

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Ruminant-derived methane (CH 4 ), a potent greenhouse gas, is a consequence of microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of livestock. Development of mitigation strategies to reduce CH 4 emissions from farmed animals is currently the subject of both scientific and environmental interest. Methanogens are the sole producers of ruminant CH 4 , and therefore CH 4 abatement strategies can either target the methanogens themselves or target the other members of the rumen microbial community that produce substrates necessary for methanogenesis. Understanding the relationship that methanogens have with other rumen microbes is crucial when considering CH 4 mitigation strategies for ruminant livestock. Genome sequencing of rumen microbes is an important tool to improve our knowledge of the processes that underpin those relationships. Currently, several rumen bacterial and archaeal genome projects are either complete or underway. Genome sequencing is providing information directly applicable to CH 4 mitigation strategies based on vaccine and small molecule inhibitor approaches. In addition, genome sequencing is contributing information relevant to other CH 4 mitigation strategies. These include the selection and breeding of low CH 4 -emitting animals through the interpretation of large-scale DNA and RNA sequencing studies and the modification of other microbial groups within the rumen, thereby changing the dynamics of microbial fermentation.Keywords: genome sequencing, methane mitigation, methanogens, rumen bacteria Implications Development of CH 4 mitigation strategies for ruminants without disrupting normal digestive function and reducing productivity is a major challenge. Genome sequencing is an effective way of gaining information on how rumen methanogens and bacteria interact and contribute to rumen function. This knowledge will be important when considering the design and implementation of ruminant CH 4 abatement strategies. Genomic information is already contributing to vaccine and small molecule inhibitor programmes that are aimed at reducing ruminant CH 4 emissions, but it will also underpin the analysis and comprehension of metagenomic sequence data sets, allowing the generation of testable hypotheses to gain a better understanding of rumen biology. IntroductionRuminants are foregut fermenters and have evolved an efficient digestive system in which microbes ferment plant fibre and provide fermentation end-products and other nutrients for growth of the animal (Clauss et al., 2010). Feed ingested by ruminants is fermented by a complex microbial community, which includes bacteria, ciliate protozoa, anaerobic fungi, archaea and viruses. The rumen is the first and largest foregut compartment and is the main site for microbial fermentation. The microbial ecology of the rumen has been the focus of numerous studies (reviewed by McSweeney and Mackie, 2012), but very little information is available regarding the microflora of the ruminant oral cavity and lower gastrointestinal tract. The rumen provides optimal conditio...

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“…However its long-term effects must be evaluated. McCrabb et al (1997) studied the effect of a chemical complex of bromo-chloromethane and cyclodextrin, which is chemically stable when added to feed, and reported that these two compounds as a complex reduced CH 4 production without any negative effect on fiber digestion. Longer lasting effects of chemical agents may offer an avenue for mitigating enteric CH 4 production, but public health concern about chemical residues in milk will have to be addressed.…”

Section: Direct Inhibition By Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review

Boadi¹,

Benchaar²,

Chiquette³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

416

296

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. 2004. Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 319-335. Enteric methane (CH 4 ) emission is a major contributor to Canadian greenhouse gas emissions, and also a loss of feed energy during production. The objective of this paper is to provide an update on current management practices and new dietary strategies recently proposed to reduce CH 4 emissions from ruminants. Existing mitigation strategies for dairy, e.g., the addition of ionophores, fats, use of high-quality forages, and increased use of grains, have been well researched and applied. These nutritional changes reduce CH 4 emissions by manipulating ruminal fermentation, directly inhibiting methanogens and protozoa, or by diverting hydrogen ions away from methanogens. Current literature has identified new CH 4 mitigation options. These include the addition of probiotics, acetogens, bacteriocins, archaeal viruses, organic acids, plant extracts (e.g., essential oils) to the diet, as well as immunization, and genetic selection of cows. These new strategies are promising, but more research is needed to validate these approaches and to assess in vivo their effectiveness in reducing CH 4 production by dairy cows. It is also important to evaluate CH 4 mitigation strategies in terms of the total greenhouse gas budget and to consider the cost associated with the various strategies. More basic understanding of the natural differences in digestion efficiencies among animals as well as a better knowledge of methanogens and their interaction with other organisms in the rumen would enable us to exploit the potential of some of the new CH 4 mitigation strategies for dairy cattle production. Key words: Enteric methane, dairy cattle, mitigationBoadi, D., Benchaar, C., Chiquette, J. et Massé, D. 2004. Stratégies visant à réduire les dégagements de méthane entérique des vaches laitières: bilan. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 319-335. Le méthane (CH 4 ) d'origine entérique contribue dans une large mesure aux émissions canadiennes de gaz à effet de serre et entraîne une perte de l'énergie tirée des aliments durant la production. Le présent article fait le point sur les pratiques de zootechnie actuelles et sur les stratégies d'engraissement récemment proposées pour réduire les dégagements de CH 4 des ruminants. Les stratégies d'atténuation existantes (addition d'ionophores, matière grasse, utilisation de fourrages de grande qualité, plus grande utilisation de grains) ont fait l'objet de maintes recherches et sont désormais bien appliquées. Les changements nutritionnels qu'elles introduisent diminuent les émissions de CH 4 en modifiant la fermentation dans le rumen, en inhibant directement la production de méthanogènes et la population de protozoaires ainsi qu'en détournant les ions hydrogène des méthanogènes. La documentation scientifique mentionne de nouvelles méthodes pour atténuer la libération de CH 4 . Ces méthodes comprennent l'ajout de probiotiques, d'acétogènes, de bactériocine, de virus archaïques, d'aci...

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Inhibiting methane production in Brahman cattle by dietary supplementation with a novel compound and the effects on growth

Cited by 83 publications

References 16 publications

Reducing in vitro rumen methanogenesis for two contrasting diets using a series of inclusion rates of different additives

Reducing in vitro rumen methanogenesis for two contrasting diets using a series of inclusion rates of different additives

Genome sequencing of rumen bacteria and archaea and its application to methane mitigation strategies

Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review

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