Inhibition and kinetic studies of lignin degrading enzymes of<i>Ganoderma boninense</i>by naturally occurring phenolic compounds

Surendran, Arthy; Siddiqui, Yasmeen; Saud, Halimi Mohd; Ali, Nur Shidaa Mohd; Manickam, Sivakumar

doi:10.1111/jam.13922

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Growth suppression of G. boninense by 150 parts per million (ppm) (which is approximately 1 mM), or higher concentrations of SA, accompanied by mycelial growth recovery was previously documented [24]. The growth of G. boninense was also found to be completely inhibited on media containing 5 mmol benzoic acid (the precursor of SA) or SA, while the addition of 1 mmol SA inhibited MnP and Lac up to 72 and 64% [23]. Although we found that 1 mM SA could decrease the mean values of MnP and Lac enzyme activities in SA-treated G. boninense, the decreases were shown to be non-significant.…”

Section: Sequence Analysis Of Gbmnps and Gblacs In G Boninensementioning

confidence: 76%

Expression of Genes Encoding Manganese Peroxidase and Laccase of Ganoderma boninense in Response to Nitrogen Sources, Hydrogen Peroxide and Phytohormones

Namasivayam

Sundram

et al. 2020

Genes

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Ganoderma produces lignolytic enzymes that can degrade the lignin component of plant cell walls, causing basal stem rot to oil palms. Nitrogen sources may affect plant tolerance to root pathogens while hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play important roles in plant defense against pathogens. In this study, we examined the expression of genes encoding manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (Lac) in Ganoderma boninense treated with different nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate), JA, SA and H2O2. Transcripts encoding MnP and Lac were cloned from G. boninense. Of the three GbMnP genes, GbMnP_U6011 was up-regulated by all nitrogen sources examined and H2O2 but was down-regulated by JA. The expression of GbMnP_U87 was only up-regulated by JA while GbMnP_35959 was up-regulated by ammonium nitrate but suppressed by sodium nitrate and down-regulated by H2O2. Among the three GbLac genes examined, GbLac_U90667 was up-regulated by ammonium nitrate, JA, SA and H2O2; GbLac_U36023 was up-regulated by JA and H2O2 while GbLac_U30636 was up-regulated by SA but suppressed by ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, JA and H2O2. Differential expression of these genes may be required by their different functional roles in G. boninense.

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Section: Sequence Analysis Of Gbmnps and Gblacs In G Boninensementioning

confidence: 76%

Expression of Genes Encoding Manganese Peroxidase and Laccase of Ganoderma boninense in Response to Nitrogen Sources, Hydrogen Peroxide and Phytohormones

Namasivayam

Sundram

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…It was suggested that immunization of OP seedlings with benzoic and salicylic acid under heavy infection pressure reduced BSR development ( Surendran et al, 2018a ). Moreover, ( Surendran et al, 2018b ) and ( Surendran et al, 2018c ) emphasized inhibition of wood degrading enzymes from the fungus to prevent the disease. The environmental impact of using phenolic compounds in the field needs consideration as they are often toxic.…”

Section: Management Of Bsr Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Current strategies and perspectives in detection and control of basal stem rot of oil palm

Siddiqui

Surendran

Paterson

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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The rapid expansion of oil palm (OP) has led to its emergence as a commodity of strategic global importance. Palm oil is used extensively in food and as a precursor for biodiesel. The oil generates export earnings and bolsters the economy of many countries, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia. However, oil palms are prone to basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense which is the most threatening disease of OP. The current control measures for BSR management including cultural practices, mechanical and chemical treatment have not proved satisfactory. Alternative control measures to overcome the G. boninense problem are focused on the use of biological control agents and many potential bioagents were identified with little proven practical application. Planting OP varieties resistant to G. boninense could provide the ideal long-term solution to basal stem rot. The total resistance of palms to G. boninense has not yet been reported, and few examples of partial resistances have been observed. Importantly, basidiospores are now recognized as the method by which the disease is spread, and control methods require to be revaluated because of this phenomenon. Many methods developed to prevent the spread of the disease effectively are only tested at nursery levels and are only reported in national journals inhibiting the development of useful techniques globally. The initial procedures employed by the fungus to infect the OP require consideration in terms of the physiology of the growth of the fungus and its possible control. This review assesses critically the progress that has been made in BSR development and management in OP.

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“…The degradation of oil palm wood by G. boninense starts when mycelia penetrate the plant cell through an unwounded root and colonize the lower stem of the palm [27]. Successful penetration and further degradation of oil palm wood by G. boninense depend on the production of ligninolytic and hydrolytic enzymes [28,29]. Ligninolytic enzymes are the key to the penetration process through oil palm roots and involvement in the degradation of lignin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ligninolytic enzymes are the key to the penetration process through oil palm roots and involvement in the degradation of lignin. These enzymes include two peroxidase enzymes, which are lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase enzymes [29,30]. The production of these enzymes is essential for G. boninense to penetrate and overcome the first barrier of plant defence, and degradation of lignin is considered to be the rate-limiting step in the infection process [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inefficacy of control of this devastating disease could be due to the lack of understanding of how a pathogen establishes itself on the host and the role of Ganoderma infection concerning wood decay stages in oil palm wood. In a recent study, the use of plant secondary metabolites successfully inhibited the growth and suppressed the production of lignin degradation enzymes of the pathogen [29], where benzoic acid is identified as the potential inhibitor [29]. Benzoic acid is a plant secondary metabolite that is naturally produced by plants in response to the biotic and abiotic stresses in the plants [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of Ganoderma boninense Using Benzoic Acid: Impact on Cellular Ultrastructure and Anatomical Changes in Oil Palm Wood

Fernanda

Siddiqui

Ganapathy

et al. 2021

Forests

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Basal stem rot (BSR) caused by a wood degrading fungus, Ganoderma boninense, is the major constraint in palm oil production. It degrades the wood components and causes palms to collapse, leading to heavy losses. Inefficacy in controlling this disease could be caused by the lack of understanding in how the pathogen establishes itself on the host concerning wood decay stages. This study aimed to understand and determine the role of benzoic acid on the suppression of G. boninense and production of ligninolytic enzymes responsible for wood decay. Further, the alteration in wood component structure due to G. boninense infection and its prevention were studied. Benzoic acid treatment resulted in more than 80% of inhibition in G. boninense growth. SEM and HR-TEM analysis confirmed the antifungal activity of benzoic acid by disruption of mycelial morphology and cellular ultrastructure. Moreover, the membrane permeability assay recorded enhanced cell mortality in benzoic acid treated mycelium. The degradation of oil palm woodblock caused 58.86 % wood dry weight loss at day 120. In contrast, reduction in dry weight loss (58.82%) was recorded in woodblock treated with concentrations of benzoic acid of 5 mM and above. It is concluded that the use of benzoic acid could inhibit or delay pathogen establishment in oil palm wood, leading to the sustainable management of BSR disease. Further, glasshouse and field trials are required to prove the consistency in current findings which may contribute to reduced land expansion to create new disease-free land for oil palm planting.

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Inhibition and kinetic studies of lignin degrading enzymes ofGanoderma boninenseby naturally occurring phenolic compounds

Abstract: The study has shed a light towards a new management strategy to control basal stem rot disease in oil palm. It serves as a replacement for the existing chemical control.

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Expression of Genes Encoding Manganese Peroxidase and Laccase of Ganoderma boninense in Response to Nitrogen Sources, Hydrogen Peroxide and Phytohormones

Expression of Genes Encoding Manganese Peroxidase and Laccase of Ganoderma boninense in Response to Nitrogen Sources, Hydrogen Peroxide and Phytohormones

Current strategies and perspectives in detection and control of basal stem rot of oil palm

Suppression of Ganoderma boninense Using Benzoic Acid: Impact on Cellular Ultrastructure and Anatomical Changes in Oil Palm Wood

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