Inhibition by Cortisone of the Synthesis and Action of Interferon

Kilbourne, Edwin D.; Smart, Katie; Pokorny, Barbara Ann

doi:10.1038/190650a0

Cited by 109 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…There have been several reports of the effects of sex hormones on the production of interferon in cell culture (for review, see Stewart, 1979) and in t~ivo (Kilbourne et aL, 1961 ;Giron et al, 197la, b;Talas & Stoger, 1972). More recently, it has been shown that an X-linked locus influences the amount of circulating interferon in mice infected with Newcastle disease (DeMaeyer-Guignard et aL, 1982) or herpes simplex viruses (Zawatzky et al, 1982 c;Pedersen et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Sex and Early Interferon Production in the Susceptibility of Mice to Encephalomyocarditis Virus

Pozzetto

Gresser

1985

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYAdult female Swiss mice showed a greater resistance to intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) than male mice. This difference was not observed in weanling mice, in castrated adult mice or in adult mice injected intracerebrally. Administration of antibody to mouse interferon ~/# enhanced the virulence of EMCV for both sexes and no difference was then observed in susceptibility between male and female mice. Six h after EMCV infection, serum interferon titres were higher in adult female mice than in male mice. There was a close correlation between the early serum interferon titre (at 6 h) and survival of EMCVinfected mice. No differences in serum interferon titres were observed between male or female weanling mice or castrated adult mice. Potent preparations of exogenous interferon provided the same degree of protection against EMCV infection in male and female mice. We conclude that the more marked early interferon response of female mice to i.p. EMCV infection is one of the important factors underlying the differential susceptibility to EMCV. It is possible that the interferon system is also involved in the reported greater prevalence of picornavirus infections of men compared with women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Sex and Early Interferon Production in the Susceptibility of Mice to Encephalomyocarditis Virus

Pozzetto

Gresser

1985

Journal of General Virology

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“…The observation that the administration of cortisone to chick embryos (3) or in tissue culture (5) increases final yields of influenza B virus although it reduces early viral synthesis (2) is explicable as a result of inhibition of viral autointerference (4). A preliminary report has indicated that the interferon synthesis that accompanies influenza virus infection of the chick embryo is inhibited by cortisone and by a substituted C-19-nor-steroid that is also active in inhibiting viral interference (6). This report had suggested also that cortisone inhibited the action of preformed interferon as well as its synthesis.…”

Section: (Received For Publication 20 September 1965)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Fre~ (Allantoic Fluid) Interferon.--Earlier studies had shown that cortisone does not merely delay the release of interferon into the allantoic fluid but rather reduces the amount detectable in both allantoic fluid and chorioallantoic membrane (6). It has also been demonstrated that changes in the dis-tribution ratios of allantoic fluid and CAM virus are affected by cortisone only as the secondary result of reduction in viral synthesis (7).…”

Section: Kinetic Studies Of Interferon Increase--parallelism Of Cell-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ttydrocortisone.--A salt of high aqueous solubility, (28 mg/ml) hydrocortisone diethylaminoacetate hydrochloride, that had been used in previous studies (2,4,6) was used in the present experiments after sterilization as an aqueous solution (1 mg/ml) at 15 lb. pressure for 15 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interferon.--Partially purified interferon was prepared as described previously (6). Interferon Assays.--Dialyzed preparations of allantoic fluid were assayed for interferon activity in shake cultures of chorioallantoic membranes suspended in Earle's solution with 2% chick serum and incubated at 36°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Cortisone on Experimental Viral Infection

Smart

Kilbourne

1966

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The initial observations that cortisone may act as an inhibitor of viral interference (11, 4) are now explicable as an inhibitory effect on interferon synthesis. The suggestion that the action of interferon is also inhibited by cortisone or its analogues (6) has not been confirmed in a plaque reduction type of interferon assay system in which autointerference by the challenge inoculum is a lesser problem. In this respect, the present results are in accord with those obtained by DeMaeyer and DeMaeyer (8) with hydrocortisone in a system in which a low multiplicity (0.1) Sindbis virus infection in monolayer culture was employed with cytopathic effect (CPE) as an end-point. It has been shown that hydrocortisone is restrictive to the synthesis of interferon induced by inoculation of either infective or inactivated virus into the chick embryo, and that this inhibitory effect is temporary. However, in another study in the chick embryo, three spaced injections of hydrocortisone (0.25 mg/dose) prevented the appearance of detectable interferon during the entire 64 hr observation period following inoculation of 103.3 EID50 of Lee virus (12). The importance of explicit definition of experimental conditions in assessing hormonal effects on infection is illustrated by the capacity of hydrocortisone either to inhibit or increase interferon synthesis in vitro, depending on the proportion of inactivated and infective virus in the inoculum employed, and the time at which interferon is measured. As suggested previously, it is not unlikely that similar shifts in hormone-virus-interferon balance may operate in vivo to influence the outcome of infection.

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Multiple Keratoacanthomata

Tarnowski¹

1966

Arch Dermatol

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Inhibition by Cortisone of the Synthesis and Action of Interferon

Cited by 109 publications

References 4 publications

Role of Sex and Early Interferon Production in the Susceptibility of Mice to Encephalomyocarditis Virus

Role of Sex and Early Interferon Production in the Susceptibility of Mice to Encephalomyocarditis Virus

The Influence of Cortisone on Experimental Viral Infection

Multiple Keratoacanthomata

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