Inhibition Effect of Physalis angulata Leaf Extract on Viability, Collagen Type I, and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) but Not Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) of Keloid Fibroblast Culture

Abstract

Introduction Keloids are excessive fibroproliferative diseases that are caused by abnormal wound healing. The anti-proliferative activity of Physalis angulata compounds has potential as a keloid therapeutic agent. This study aimed to observe the effects of P. angulata on fibroblast viability and collagen type I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels in human keloid fibroblasts. Methods We conducted an experimental study of P. angulata ethanol extract on three primary human keloid fibroblast 3 passage cultures with four replications. Fibroblast viability was measured using the MTT assay after incubation with 3, 5, and 10 µg/mL P. angulata . Concentrations of P. angulata used to observe effects on TIMP-1, PAI-1, and collagen type I levels were 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of inhibitory concentration 50 (IC 50 ). The levels of collagen type I, TIMP-1, and PAI-1 were measured by ELISA. Mean comparisons between multiple treatment groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc analysis. Results The 10 µg/mL P. angulata group had significantly lower fibroblast viability than the control group ( p <0.05) with an IC 50 6.3 µg/mL. The collagen type I level of 10% IC 50 (0.63 µg/mL) P. angulata group was lower than control (12.910 vs 47.866 ng/mL) ( p =0.042). Level of TIMP-1 in 40% IC 50 (2.51 µg/mL) P. angulata group was lower than control (5.350 vs 9.972 ng/mL) ( p =0.043). There was no significant difference in the PAI-1 levels. Conclusion This study showed the inhibitory effect of 10 µg/mL P. angulata extract on keloid fibroblast viability, with an IC 50 of 6.3 µg/mL. This study also showed collagen type-1 and TIMP-1 inhibition, but not PAI-1 inhibition, after P. angulate treatment.

Insights into How Plant-Derived Extracts and Compounds Can Help in the Prevention and Treatment of Keloid Disease: Established and Emerging Therapeutic Targets

“…The ethanol extract from Physalis angulata leaves lowered cell viability (IC 50 , 6.3 µg m L −1 ) [103]. The extract, at 0.63 µg mL −1 , reduced the expression levels of collagen 1 from 47.866 ng mL −1 (control level) to 12.910 ng mL −1 .…”