Inhibition in the Human Auditory Cortex

Inui, Koji; Nakagawa, Kei; Nishihara, Makoto; Motomura, Eishi; Kakigi, Ryusuke

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155972

Cited by 24 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Therefore, it may be likely that the present paired-stimulation suppression reflects IPSPs of Martinotti cells in terms of latency. The results of Experiment 2 also support this notion, as the suppression showed a higher threshold as compared to short-latency suppression [23]. Martinotti cells show a high threshold to induce IPSPs and do not respond with low-frequency inputs [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

New paradigm for auditory paired pulse suppression

et al. 2017

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Sensory gating is a mechanism of sensory processing used to prevent an overflow of irrelevant information, with some indexes, such as prepulse inhibition (PPI) and P50 suppression, often utilized for its evaluation. In addition, those are clinically important for diseases such as schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated long-latency paired-pulse suppression of change-related cortical responses using magnetoencephalography. The test change-related response was evoked by an abrupt increase in sound pressure by 15 dB in a continuous sound composed of a train of 25-ms pure tones at 65 dB. By inserting a leading change stimulus (prepulse), we observed suppression of the test response. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of conditioning-test intervals (CTI) using a 25-ms pure tone at 80 dB as both the test and prepulse. Our results showed clear suppression of the test response peaking at a CTI of 600 ms, while maximum inhibition was approximately 30%. In Experiment 2, the effects of sound pressure on prepulse were examined by inserting prepulses 600 ms prior to the test stimulus. We found that a paired-pulse suppression greater than 25% was obtained by prepulses larger than 77 dB, i.e., 12 dB louder than the background, suggesting that long latency suppression requires a relatively strong prepulse to obtain adequate suppression, different than short-latency paired-pulse suppression reported in previous studies. In Experiment 3, we confirmed similar levels of suppression using electroencephalography. These results suggested that two identical change stimuli spaced by 600 ms were appropriate for observing the long-latency inhibition. The present method requires only a short inspection time and is non-invasive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

New paradigm for auditory paired pulse suppression

et al. 2017

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“…We recently developed a method for this purpose using the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of auditory evoked cortical responses [ 9 – 11 ]. It appears to serve as a tool to record IPSPs indirectly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a sound feature is abruptly changed in a continuous sound, change-specific cerebral responses are evoked that are clearly recorded by electroencephalograms [ 12 , 13 ] or magnetoencephalograms (MEG)[ 14 ]. Change-related brain activity is used as a test response that reflects postsynaptic events in the change-detecting circuit in the auditory cortex [ 11 ]. Similar to standard paradigms for the PPI of startle reflexes, a weak change in a sound feature is inserted before the test stimulus, which results in the suppression of the test response despite the weak change stimulus (prepulse) itself evoking no or only a weak response [ 9 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Change-related brain activity is used as a test response that reflects postsynaptic events in the change-detecting circuit in the auditory cortex [ 11 ]. Similar to standard paradigms for the PPI of startle reflexes, a weak change in a sound feature is inserted before the test stimulus, which results in the suppression of the test response despite the weak change stimulus (prepulse) itself evoking no or only a weak response [ 9 , 11 ]. This paradigm is advantageous because a weak prepulse may be precisely and repeatedly delivered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Change-related brain activity may be elicited by a change in any of the sound dimensions, i.e., intensity, location, and frequency [ 12 ], and a brief preceding sound with any feature change may be a prepulse. In our recent studies, the degree of PPI depended on the prepulse–test interval (PTI)[ 11 ] as well as the magnitude of the change in the prepulse [ 9 ]. When the magnitude of PPI was plotted against the PTI, the PPI curve showed several peaks at different PTIs: 10–30, 50–60, and 600 ms [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GABAergic mechanisms involved in the prepulse inhibition of auditory evoked cortical responses in humans

et al. 2018

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Despite their essential roles in signal processing in the brain, the functions of interneurons currently remain unclear in humans. We recently developed a method using the prepulse inhibition of sensory evoked cortical responses for functional measurements of interneurons. When a sensory feature is abruptly changed in a continuous sensory stimulus, change-related cortical responses are recorded using MEG. By inserting a weak change stimulus (prepulse) before the test change stimulus, it is possible to observe the inhibition of the test response. By manipulating the prepulse–test interval (PTI), several peaks appear in inhibition, suggesting the existence of temporally distinct mechanisms. We herein attempted to separate these components through the oral administration of diazepam and baclofen. The test stimulus and prepulse were an abrupt increase in sound pressure in a continuous click train of 10 and 5 dB, respectively. The results obtained showed that the inhibition at PTIs of 10 and 20 ms was significantly greater with diazepam than with the placebo administration, suggesting increased GABAA-mediated inhibition. Baclofen decreased inhibition at PTIs of 40 and 50 ms, which may have been due to the activation of GABAB autoreceptors. Therefore, the present study separated at least two inhibitory mechanisms pharmacologically.

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Auditory change‐related cortical response is associated with hypervigilance to pain in healthy volunteers

Otsuru

Ogawa

Yokota

et al. 2021

European Journal of Pain

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Background: Patients with chronic pain exhibit hypervigilance (heightened responsiveness to stimuli) to innocuous auditory stimuli as well as noxious stimuli."Generalized hypervigilance" suggests that individuals who show heightened responsiveness to one sensory system also show hypervigilance to other modalities. However, research exploring the existence of generalized hypervigilance in healthy subjects is limited.Methods: We investigated whether hypervigilance to pain is associated with auditory stimuli in healthy subjects using the pain vigilance and awareness questionnaire (PVAQ) and auditory change-related cortical responses (ACRs). ACRs are thought to reflect a change detection system, based on preceding sensory memory. We recorded ACRs under conditions that varied in terms of the accumulation of sensory memory as follows: short-ACR, with short preceding continuous stimuli and long-ACR, with long preceding continuous stimuli. In addition, the attention to pain (PVAQ-AP) and attention to changes in pain (PVAQ-ACP) subscales were evaluated.Results: Amplitudes of long-ACR showed significant positive correlations with PVAQ-ACP, whereas those of short-ACR did not show any significant correlations. Conclusions: Generalized hypervigilance may be observed even in healthy subjects. ACR may be a useful index to evaluate the hypervigilance state in the human brain.

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Inhibition in the Human Auditory Cortex

Cited by 24 publications

References 69 publications

New paradigm for auditory paired pulse suppression

New paradigm for auditory paired pulse suppression

GABAergic mechanisms involved in the prepulse inhibition of auditory evoked cortical responses in humans

Auditory change‐related cortical response is associated with hypervigilance to pain in healthy volunteers

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