Inhibition of Activin A Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Injury and Rescues Contractile Properties by Inducing Efficient Remodeling in Female Mice

TLR2 deficiency attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy in mice

“…Cardiotoxin is a cobra venom toxin that exhibits cytotoxicity and depolarization effects on muscle cells [39]. When administered via injection, cardiotoxin induces severe oxidative stress and inflammation [40]. In the present study, TLR2 deficiency mitigated the oxidative stress and inflammation induced via cardiotoxin injection and resulted in reduced protein ubiquitination.…”

Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1, members of the TGF-beta superfamily and follistatin do not reflect different stages of dynapenia and sarcopenia in elderly women

“…In an experimental model it has been shown that enhancing circulating activin A levels in C57BL/6 mice results in loss of muscle mass and function (Chen et al, 2014b). Introduction of activin A into normal muscle of mice increased the expression of inflammatory and muscle atrophy genes indicating a sensitive response of muscle to activin A (Yaden et al, 2014). However, these experimental results have to be confirmed in human studies.…”

Activin in Acute Pancreatitis: Potential Risk-Stratifying Marker and Novel Therapeutic Target

“…In a second approach, we used a neutralizing antibody against activin which has been reported to block activin in vivo 36 . The serum half-life of monoclonal IgG antibodies in adult mice is estimated to be 6 days 37 which obviates the short half-life issue of the follistatin approach.…”

“…As a second approach, female ob/ob mice (n = 10) received 5 mg/kg of an activin neutralizing antibody (AF388, R&D Systems) 30 minutes prior to the first IL-12 + IL-16 injection and 24 hours after the last IL-12 + IL-18 injection. This antibody was previously reported to effective in blocking activin in vivo 36 . As a control, female ob/ob mice (n = 9) received injections of a similar concentration of a non-specific IgG.…”