Inhibition of calcium oxalate nephrotoxicity with Zamzam water

Al‐Ghamdi, Saeed S.

doi:10.4236/ojpm.2012.21010

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Zamzam water is in the Mecca area, in the city of Makkah, at the western province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( Al-Ghamdi, 2012 ). Many Muslims believe that the water of the Zamzam well is divinely blessed, able to satisfy both hunger and thirst, as well as cure illness ( Shomar, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of perinatal exposure to Zamzam water on the teratological studies of the mice offspring

Abu-Taweel

2017

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Zamzam water is well documented for plenty of medicinal value for curing illness. In the present study, the effects of perinatal consumption of Zamzam and normal drinking water by the pregnant mice on their offspring's physical parameters, early sensory motor reflexes, locomotor activities, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the homogenize brain tissue and blood parameters were compared. To achieve that; Zamzam water was given to female Swiss-Webster strain mice as the only source of drinking fluid and the control animals were administered plain tap water. Treatment started from the first day of pregnancy and continued until the postnatal day fifteen of delivery. All offspring were subjected to various tests. The rate of body weight gain remained relatively unaffected until the second week of weaning period, however; in the last week the offspring exposed to Zamzam water gained significant body weight as compared to their control offspring. Furthermore, the opening of eyes and appearance of body hairs in Zamzam exposed pups remained unaffected as compared to the controls. The sensory motor reflexes in Zamzam exposed pups after birth and during the first two weeks of weaning period were significantly increased. Locomotor Activity Test performed in the male and female offspring after weaning period showed a significant decrease in the male and increase in the female on most of the elements of this test due to Zamzam exposure. AChE activity in the homogenized brain tissue and blood parameters were unaffected as compared to the controls, the present Zamzam effects in the offspring are possibly via in utero action and/or via mother's milk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of perinatal exposure to Zamzam water on the teratological studies of the mice offspring

Abu-Taweel

2017

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…Histopathological examination of the kidneys did not show any noticeable change in the tissues. Interestingly, Al-Ghamdi (2012) reported earlier that Zamzam water prevented calcium oxalate nephrotoxicity in rats. This suggests that Zamzam water is unique in its properties and in its components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biochemical and histological effects of five weeks ingestion of Zamzam water on the liver and kidneys of Wistar rats

Doghaither

Al-Sohaibani

Omar

et al. 2021

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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Zamzam water is a natural alkaline water which has become alkaline as a result of the natural environment. It comes from what is considered as one of the oldest springs in the world. The water contains high concentrations of alkaline minerals as well as trace and heavy metals. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effects of five weeks ingestion of Zamzam water on the liver and kidney functions of rats. Adult female Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were divided into two groups, with 15 rats in each. The control group was supplied daily by bottled water and the Zamzam water group was supplied daily by 500 ml of Zamzam water for five weeks. The rats were weighed weekly and, at the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from all rats for the biochemical determination of serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, albumin, and uric acid, using calorimetric methods. Liver and kidney tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered-formalin solution and further embedded in wax blocks for routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and were examined for histopathological changes using a light microscope. The results of the current study showed that there was a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in the weight of the Zamzam group when compared to the control group after five weeks of ingestion. Liver and kidney function tests did not show any significant difference when compared with the controls ( P > 0.05). In addition, histological examination of the liver and kidney tissues did not show any toxicological changes. In conclusion, the results showed that the ingestion of Zamzam water did not alter serum levels of kidney function tests and liver enzymes; and did not result in a noticeable change in the liver and kidney histology. Thus, the high concentrations of elements in Zamzam water do not induce hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity and the water is considered safe for long-term consumption.

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“…Bacterial growth cannot occur in Zamzam water (Khalid, Ahmad, Khalid, Ahmed, & Irfan, 2014). It can prevent nephrolithiasis in rats in which renal stone formation was induced experimentally (Al-Ghamdi, 2012). It can even reduce oxidative stress and glycated hemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetic patients (Bamosa et al ., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive effects of Zamzam water in reducing fasting blood glucose and LDL-cholesterol in rats fed on a ketogenic diet

AlJuwaie

Latif²,

AlSheikh³

et al. 2022

AGJSR

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PurposeThe ketogenic diet (KD) has gained popularity due to its ability to improve type 2 diabetes, weight loss, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, long-term use of the KD might not be safe due to its adverse effects. This study examined the effects of the KD alone or in combination with Zamzam water (holy water for Muslims) on glucose homeostasis, lipid parameters and oxidant-antioxidant variables in rats.Design/methodology/approachBased on the diet given for ten weeks, three groups of adult male Wistar rats were made (12 rats/group): (1) rats which fed on a chow diet and ordinary water, (2) rats which fed on KD and ordinary water and (3) rats which were given KD along with Zamzam. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were compared by one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey’s HSD test among groups.FindingsRats which fed on KD and Zamzam water had significantly reduced FBG and LDL cholesterol compared to the rats which fed on a chow diet and ordinary water (p-values 0.001), and KD and ordinary water (p-value 0.004 and 0.006, respectively). Serum insulin, insulin resistance, HDL cholesterol, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde did not differ significantly.Originality/valueConsumption of KD along with Zamzam for ten weeks significantly reduces FBG and LDL cholesterol. KD alone does not decrease these parameters in ten weeks duration.

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Inhibition of calcium oxalate nephrotoxicity with Zamzam water

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of perinatal exposure to Zamzam water on the teratological studies of the mice offspring

Effects of perinatal exposure to Zamzam water on the teratological studies of the mice offspring

Biochemical and histological effects of five weeks ingestion of Zamzam water on the liver and kidneys of Wistar rats

Additive effects of Zamzam water in reducing fasting blood glucose and LDL-cholesterol in rats fed on a ketogenic diet

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